Document: International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2012 Program and Budget Guide

Country: Caribbean Regional

Program Overview

The Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI) addresses the increasing crime and violence, largely driven by drug and other illicit trafficking, that affects the safety of both United States and Caribbean citizens. As the Merida Initiative and Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI) apply pressure against trafficking organizations in Mexico and Central America, CBSI funding will support complementary efforts to address the potential spillover effect from traffickers shifting routes to the Caribbean.

Programs under this initiative may strengthen Caribbean partner nation capabilities in the areas of maritime security, law enforcement, information sharing, border and migration control, transnational crime, and criminal justice.

Programs will build upon previously successful partnerships and develop partner nation capabilities to allow them to cooperate and coordinate in a regional context to address citizen safety concerns.

Program Goals and Objectives

CBSI supports the Caribbean Community's (CARICOM) “Organized Crime Strategy.” The program also supports FY 2012 Mission Strategic and Resource Plans from our Caribbean posts and INL's FY 2012 Bureau Strategic and Resource Plan goals of Criminal Justice Sector Capacity Building and Security Sector Reform (SSR), Counternarcotics, and Transnational Crime.

Objective 1: Substantially reduce illicit trafficking.

Objective 2: Advance public safety and security.

Objective 3: Promote Social Justice.

FY 2012 Program

Stabilization Operations and Security Sector Reform

- Funds may support law enforcement operations reform in the region to establish and sustain professional and accountable law enforcement services. Funds may be used to establish, train, and equip vetted police units that can work on a wide range of issues from drug and arms trafficking to extradition operations. Programs may support increased information sharing among governments in the Caribbean Basin; support programs for increased proficiency of corrections personnel; and support the sustainability and expansion of law enforcement end-game capabilities, as well as border and port security.

Counternarcotics

- Funds may combat the cultivation, production, and trafficking of drugs throughout the Caribbean Basin. Support may include training, equipment, and maintenance to enhance law enforcement officials' ability to eradicate and interdict illicit drugs. Funds may also establish sustainable institutional change in support of host nation law enforcement capacity, enhance cooperation in securing borders, and provide alternatives to criminal activities through support of rehabilitation efforts.

Transnational Crime

- Funds may seek to minimize the adverse effects of criminal activities in the Caribbean Basin. Efforts may support training of law enforcement personnel, including anti-gang training, and training on money laundering, financial crimes, and asset forfeiture for the region.

Rule of Law and Human Rights

- USG assistance may seek to advance rule of law activities in the Caribbean Basin. Efforts may include improving courts administration, management, and processes; building capacity of prosecutors and improving collaboration between civilian prosecutors and judicial or police investigators; and improving forensic skills for use in the judicial system.

Document: International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2012 Program and Budget Guide

Country: Central America Regional

Program Overview

Approximately 95 percent of Andean cocaine transits Mexico and Central America on its way to the United States. With increasing pressure on drug traffickers in Mexico, Colombia, and in international waters, the region is challenged by declining public security as traffickers increasingly shift to Central American territorial waters and land routes as primary transshipment points. Central American officials have identified gangs, drug trafficking, trafficking of arms, and organized crime as the most pressing security concerns in the region. Vulnerabilities created by the increasingly violent nature of the security situation in Central America, if left unchecked, could open the way for more dangerous threats, such as increased levels of public sector corruption, the penetration of the political and security systems by criminals, and the loss of effective governmental control over territory. Our partners in Central America have made some progress in their own efforts to fight transnational organized criminal networks, and while much remains to be done, they are demonstrating an unprecedented willingness to work with us and each other to address these issues.

Program Goals and Objectives

The Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI) represents a U.S. partnership with the nations of Central America to address the corrosive effects of gangs, narcotics and arms trafficking, and organized crime on citizen safety. The regional initiative supports host-government strategic initiatives and the FY 2012 Mission Strategic and Resource Plans of the U.S. Embassies in Central America. The initiative also supports INL's FY 2012 Bureau Strategic and Resource Plan goals of Counternarcotics, Transnational Crime and Criminal Justice Sector Capacity Building and Security Sector Reform (SSR).

CARSI provides funding in a range of areas, including direct law enforcement cooperation, assistance for law enforcement and justice sector capacity building, and prevention programs aimed at addressing the root causes of crime and violence. We recognize the immediate need to combat the criminal organizations and associated violence; the medium-term requirement to augment the capabilities of civilian law enforcement and security entities; and the long-term necessity of strengthening judicial and other state institutions to resist corruption and improve the administration of justice. The programs will strive to address citizen safety, borders and ports, youth issues (including anti-gang efforts), and counternarcotics.

Objective 1: Create safe streets for the citizens in the region.

Objective 2: Disrupt the movement of criminals and contraband within and between the nations of Central America.

Objective 3: Support the development of strong, capable, and accountable Central American Governments.

Objective 4: Re-establish effective state presence and security in communities at risk.

Objective 5: Foster enhanced levels of security and rule of law coordination and cooperation between nations of the region.

FY 2012 Program

Stabilization Operations and Security Sector Reform

- Funds will support on-going law enforcement operations and justice sector reform in Central America to establish and sustain professional and accountable law enforcement services. Programs may advance regional police training and equipment and assist in addressing the porous borders through which transnational criminal organizations traffic firearms, bulk cash, narcotics, and other illicit contraband.

Counternarcotics

- Funds will combat rising international drug trafficking in Central America. Support may include continuation of successful Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and vetted units; continue support for demand reduction programs such as Drug Abuse Resistance Education; continue to support existing aviation assets in Guatemala; and continue to provide for enhanced regional land and maritime interdiction capabilities and logistics supports.

Transnational Crime

- Funds will seek to minimize the adverse effects of criminal activities in Central America and improve citizen safety. Efforts may include support for in-service training and capacity enhancements of law enforcement personnel, including anti-gang training and support for Model Precincts; training and technical assistance on financial crimes and asset forfeiture for the region; and advancing programs that improve regional cooperation and operations.

Rule of Law Human Rights

- Funds will seek to advance citizen safety, law enforcement, and rule of law activities in Central America. Efforts may include improving courts administration, management and processes; building the capacity of prosecutors and improving collaboration between civilian prosecutors and judicial or police investigators; addressing juvenile justice and juvenile post-prison rehabilitation; improving prison administration, management, and processes; supporting police academies and entry-level training and curricula; and advancing modern policing training and techniques, including through technical assistance and support in high-risk areas.

Document: International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2012 Program and Budget Guide

Country: Western Hemisphere Regional

Program Overview

The Western Hemisphere regional request includes INCLE funding for both the Central America Regional Security Initiative and Caribbean Basin Security Initiative. The following provides summary information for both programs. In addition, detailed information on both programs is provided in the following chapters.

- Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI): Citizen safety in Central America is deteriorating rapidly as criminal organizations seek to establish strongholds in the region. Funds will continue to support training and build capacity of law enforcement and rule of law institutions throughout Central America, with less focus on procurement of equipment. Funds will support efforts to address border and port security; continue support for vetted units and maritime and land interdiction; sustain the final year of the four-year investment for aviation based in Guatemala; and continue to build capacity of law enforcement and other actors to address transnational crime, including anti-gang training. Funds will also support improved prison management and equipment, and encourage cooperation and joint operations throughout the region. The program reduces funds for basic law enforcement equipment, while continuing to provide programs that support justice sector reform and local capabilities.

- Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI): Funding will continue to support efforts to combat illicit trafficking and organized crime, strengthen the rule of law, reduce the demand for illegal drugs, and promote social justice in the Caribbean region. Funding will be directed primarily toward enhancing the capacity of criminal justice and regional security institutions such as the Regional Security System in the Eastern Caribbean but will also provide technical assistance to support the investigation and prosecution of financial crimes, prison reform, maritime interdiction, and border control efforts.

Document: International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2012 Program and Budget Guide

Country: Uruguay

Program Overview

Drug trafficking in Uruguay continues, and the presence of Mexican, Colombian and Eastern European traffickers is increasing, despite concerted and consistent government efforts to combat these trends. Despite high profile successes such as the seizure of over two metric tons of cocaine in October 2009 and the arrest of a prominent Colombian trafficker in February 2010, Uruguay will depend on international training and support until it can modernize its police and judicial system. Program support in Uruguay is a strategic decision at this juncture that will be key to ensuring continued commitment by Uruguay's new government. Bilateral relations on counternarcotics and money laundering have been excellent over the past two years, and U.S. funds have permitted significant advances in investigation technology. There has been increasing cooperation with counterparts in Argentina and major progress in prosecutions and asset forfeiture.

Program Goals and Objectives

The Uruguay program supports the embassy's FY 2012 Mission Strategic and Resource Plan priority to Improve Homeland Security by Helping Uruguay Combat Terrorism and Transnational Crime and INL's FY 2012 Bureau Strategic and Resource Plan goal of Counternarcotics, Criminal Justice Sector Capacity Building and Security Sector Reform, and Transnational Crime.

Objective 1: Strengthen Uruguay's technical and operational ability to interdict narcotics, conduct complex criminal investigations, and arrest traffickers.

Objective 2: Strengthen Uruguay's rehabilitation and prevention programs to reduce and prevent the consumption of illegal drugs, and to assist with the reinsertion of addicts into society.

FY 2012 Program

Interdiction: Funds will provide training, equipment and other support to modernize and enhance the capabilities of the national drug police, who continue to have shortages in these critical areas. Specifically, funds will help support the border offices and Real-Time Analytical Intelligence Database (RAID) of the Directorate for the Suppression of Illicit Trafficking in Drugs (DGRTID).

Demand Reduction: Funds will support ongoing demand reduction programs to identify high-risk populations and build host nation capacity to serve them. Currently, limited resources reach only a small percentage of drug addicts. A 2011 National Drug Use Survey, partially funded by the USG, is establishing a baseline of drug use trends in the country and will enable the Embassy and Government of Uruguay to better target their demand reduction programming. Funds will continue to support rehabilitation and prevention programs directed at high-risk populations.

Document: International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2012 Program and Budget Guide

Country: Peru

Program Overview

Peru is a major cocaine producing country, exporting to markets in South America, Mexico, the United States, and Europe. The U.S. Crime and Narcotics Center estimated that Peru had 40,000 hectares (ha) used for coca cultivation nationwide in 2009. Authorities eradicated 12,033 ha of illicit coca in the Upper Huallaga Valley (UHV) and Ucayali department during 2010, a figure higher than the 10,000 ha target set at the beginning of the year. Eradication, linked closely to alternative development programs, has led to dramatic reductions of coca cultivation in the UHV, where eradication efforts have been focused. This dramatic reduction in coca cultivation is particularly evident in San Martin department. However, challenges remain in other parts of the country where State presence is limited and where increased coca cultivation and trafficking have been reported, such as in the Apurimac and Ene River Valley (VRAE). Peru is a key U.S. partner in the region and we are committed to working with the Government of Peru (GOP) to effectively address illicit coca cultivation, narcotics trafficking, and the related transnational criminal challenges that follow while building institutional capacity.

Program Goals and Objectives

The USG supports programs that enhance the capabilities of the Peruvian National Police (PNP) and that of the Anti-Narcotics Directorate (DIRANDRO) to provide security for eradication teams and interdiction in coca cultivation and narcotics trafficking zones. USG counternarcotics assistance also helps the Peruvian government publicize links between drug production and common crime so that Peruvians understand that their quality of life is degraded by drug trafficking. Embassy Lima ranked keeping drug production and trafficking in check as one of their top priorities in the Mission Strategic and Resource Plan. The Garcia administration's counternarcotics strategy coincided with U.S. goals, clearly linking interdiction and eradication with alternative development and prevention. The objectives and goals also reflect INL's FY 2012 Bureau Strategic and Resource Plan goals, notably, counternarcotics, transnational crime, and Criminal Justice Sector Capacity Building and Security Sector Reform (SSR). We seek a similar strong cooperative relationship with the Humala administration.

Objective 1: Build institutional capability to investigate and prosecute transnational crimes, as well as eradicate illicit crops and interdict drugs and precursors produced within or transiting through Peru.

Objective 2: Assist law enforcement to conduct criminal and financial investigations that will result in arrests and prosecutions of trafficking organizations.

Objective 3: Combat corruption, especially within the Peruvian National Police force.

Objective 4: Improve police capabilities to provide for citizens' safety and contribute to the enhancement of the rule of law.

Objective 5: Improve community awareness of the negative effects of illicit drug use and to support community anti-drug coalitions.

FY 2012 Program

Counternarcotics

- Eradication: Coca and Poppy Eradication and Crop Monitoring Funds will provide operational support for the labor intensive manual eradication program managed under the Coca Monitoring and Reduction Agency (CORAH), including transport, food, salaries, field gear and tools, tents, first aid, and training for the eradicators. Funding will also support technical assistance for the Corps for Assistance to Alternative Development (CADA), the Peruvian agency that monitors and maps coca and poppy cultivation, which provides a means to verify eradication results. As an independent entity, CADA collaborates with the UN and GOP to develop and utilize monitoring methodologies. Funds will support the work of the Tropical Cultivations Institute (ICT), which conducts alternative crop research, as well as support agricultural extension services that facilitate and hasten coca growers' transition to production of licit crops. Aviation support for eradication will cover operating and maintenance assistance for Peru's aviation police (DIRAVPOL), including airlift for eradication and logistical support. These funds support pilots, aircrews, and associated personnel for 24 USG-owned Huey-II helicopters, two fixed-wing aircraft, and limited operational support for Peruvian MI-17 helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, all in support of coca eradication and related law enforcement activities east of the Andes. Training for pilots and mechanics, maintenance, hangars, warehousing, aircraft rental when needed, and operational support for DIRAVPOL personnel also receive funding.

- Interdiction: Law enforcement funding will provide support to the PNP to enhance law enforcement capabilities and counternarcotics interdiction efforts. Funds will be used for items such as vehicles, communications equipment, and field gear. Funds will also be used for training and field exercises designed to enhance PNP Anti-Narcotics police capabilities, as well as those of other police units. The increase of Peru's counternarcotics police personnel in source zones over the last five years has contributed to more effective and sustained eradication and interdiction operations. Funding will support PNP education improvements, including curriculum reform, as well as PNP basic police academies and pre-academies strategically located in communities in coca source zones east of the Andes, including support for operational effectiveness and infrastructure improvements. Support will also include capacity-building initiatives to address citizens' safety, such as community policing and model police stations. Funds will support the development of the Ministry of Interior's Executive Office for Drug Control, including addressing management capacity and the handling of seized assets. Port security support funds will continue to improve the GOP's capacity to examine cargo and passengers through facilities improvements, equipment acquisitions, and training. Peruvian Customs funds will bolster inspection and enforcement operations by Peruvian Customs at principal airports and seaports as well as other smaller installations. This support will include Customs' canine program and acquisition of computers and non-intrusive inspection equipment, along with renovation of existing facilities. Aviation support for interdiction will provide operating and maintenance assistance for interdiction airlift to DIRAVPOL including logistical support for counternarcotics units. The nationalization plan for Peru includes scaling back aviation assistance. Funds will support pilots, aircrews, and support personnel for USG-owned Huey-II helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, plus provide limited operational support for Peruvian helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, but support will be reduced from previous years as Peru takes on increased responsibility for and title to some aircraft. These activities support coca eradication and other law enforcement efforts east of the Andes. Funds will also support training for pilots and mechanics, maintenance, hangars, warehousing, aircraft rental when needed, and operational support for DIRAVPOL personnel.

- Administration of Justice/Prosecution: Funds will provide training and some travel expenses to support GOP prosecutors assigned to oversee drug enforcement operations, including investigation and trial preparation. Funds will support advanced training for prosecutors already in the program and entry-level training for new prosecutors. Funds will support training and technical assistance for prosecutors to learn better case management practices.

- Demand Reduction: Funding will support the work of NGOs such as the Information and Education Center for the Prevention of Drug Abuse (CEDRO) to reduce drug abuse among youth, research drug abuse trends, focus on educational workshops, and train teachers and health professionals about illicit drug use. Funds will be used to purchase promotional materials and publications used in Community Anti-Drug Coalition (CAC) campaigns, train community-based facilitators in the CAC model, and sponsor public events designed to publicize CAC activities. Funds will implement a modern media campaign to increase drug awareness and deter youth from abusing drugs. In addition, there will be an expansion of school-based drug education programs in the capital and in strategic provinces.

Transnational Crime

- Money Laundering: Funds will support a series of seminars and training programs for police, prosecutors, and judges in all aspects of detecting, investigating, and prosecuting money laundering crimes which will be organized by the Organization of American States' Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission and the United Nations. Funds will continue to support Peru's Financial Investigative Unit to analyze financial transactions, report on suspicious activities, and assist investigations of financial crimes.

- Asset Forfeiture: Funds will assist in the implementation of asset seizure and forfeiture laws and strengthen the seized asset management regime through the provision of training, advising, exchange of best practices, and work with U.S. partners.

Document: International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2012 Program and Budget Guide

Country: Paraguay

Program Overview

Paraguay is a major drug transit country for Andean-sourced cocaine and a principal money laundering center. The Tri-Border Area (TBA) where Paraguay intersects with Brazil and Argentina is a hub for trafficking in drugs, contraband and pirated goods, arms, and persons. The Lugo administration has expressed strong political will to curb narcotics trafficking and has been a solid partner with the United States. FY 2012 funds will maintain support for counternarcotics efforts and provide support for new rule of law activities to strengthen judicial institutions – judges, prosecutors and police – and address pervasive corruption and impunity.

Program Goals and Objectives

The Paraguay program supports the embassy's FY 2012 Mission Strategic and Resource Plan priority of Disrupting Criminal Organizations and INL's FY 2012 Bureau Strategic and Resource Plan goals of Transnational Crime, Counternarcotics, and Criminal Justice Sector Capacity Building and Security Sector Reform (SSR).

Objective 1: Fortify Paraguay's institutional and operational capability to combat criminal activity in an effort to deter or disrupt criminal organizations, prevent terrorism, and combat transnational crime, terrorism financing, and narcotics trafficking.

Objective 2: Help Paraguay enhance measures to address corruption and address the challenges that constrict its ability to prosecute and convict narcotics traffickers and other perpetrators of transnational crime.

FY 2012 Program

Counternarcotics

- Interdiction: Funds will provide training and technical assistance to the Anti-Narcotics Secretariat (SENAD) and the Paraguayan National Police (PNP) to improve operational capacity to investigate and prosecute major traffickers and money launderers. Assistance will provide training for special agents and attorneys in investigative and prosecutorial procedures as well as operational support such as per diem for joint investigations with the DEA. Support will also provide commodities, such as replacement computers, as well as maintenance of the drug analysis laboratory equipment. Funds will also provide ongoing support to SENAD's narcotics detection canine program and demand reduction program. This assistance complements other resources targeting anti-corruption efforts.

Rule of Law and Human Rights

- Constitution, Laws and Legal Framework: Support will include training prosecutors and judges on key legislation to fortify Paraguay's operational and legal capability to combat criminal activity, as well as address corruption. Such training will be designed to encourage Paraguayan authorities to pass legal reforms that will allow prosecutors to effectively prosecute criminals.

Document: International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2012 Program and Budget Guide

Country: Mexico

Program Overview

Due to the high demand for illicit narcotics in our country, the United States has a shared responsibility for combating the crime and violence that so gravely affect citizens throughout the region. Roughly ninety-five percent of all the cocaine consumed in the United States transits through Mexico and Central America. The Mexico INCLE program builds on efforts begun under the Merida Initiative, with a shift away from expensive equipment and towards supporting Mexican government institutional reforms and strengthening rule of law. These programs are designed to complement renewed U.S. efforts at home to reduce drug demand, to stop the flow of weapons, and bulk cash generated by illicit drug sales, and to confront gangs and criminal organizations.

Program Goals and Objectives

The Mexico program supports the Mexican Government's significant investment in promoting rule of law, providing for citizen security, and reforming state institutions towards greater transparency, responsiveness, and respect for human rights. Merida Initiative Programs will focus on four strategic areas: disrupt capacity of organized crime to operate; institutionalize capacity to sustain rule of law; create a 21^st century border structure; and build strong and resilient communities. The program supports the Embassy's priorities reflected in its FY 2012 Mission Strategic and Resource Plan related to promoting : a) Security and Protection of the U.S. and Mexican People, and b) People and the Future: Building Communities and Supporting Youth on Both Sides of the Border. The program also supports INL's goals of Counternarcotics, Criminal Justice Sector Capacity Building and Security Sector Reform (SSR), and Transnational Crime as stated in its FY 2012 Bureau Strategic and Resource Plan.

The four strategic objectives of the Merida Initiative in Mexico are:

Objective 1: Dismantle organized criminal groups by building Mexican law enforcement capacities in information collection and analysis, training and equipping units, and conducting investigations against organized crime, money laundering, arms trafficking, and other crimes.

Objective 2: Institutionalize justice-sector reforms to sustain the rule of law and respect for human rights through continued large-scale institution building projects with security and judicial institutions at the federal level and expanded efforts at state and local institutions.

Objective 3: Create efficient, economically competitive borders crossings along Mexico's northern and southern borders that ensure “secure two-way flows” of travelers and trade; improve enforcement cooperation between ports of entry; and reduce the flow of drugs to the north, and guns and bulk cash to the south.

Objective 4: Build strong and resilient communities with long-term alternatives to working for organized crime, and that understand and are engaged in Mexico's legal and judicial reforms.

FY 2012 Program

Disrupting Capacity of Organized Crime to Operate

- Financial crimes and asset forfeiture programs, which include training, information technology equipment, and other support, will strengthen Mexico's ability to target money-laundering, the financial underpinning of the drug cartels. Training, equipment, and other support for specialized units, increasingly at the state and local levels, will focus investigations on all arms of organized crime, while allowing for their rapid and safe deployment to areas of concern. Information technology and training will continue to support a Government of Mexico (GOM) project to develop and implement an advanced information-sharing system that integrates public security, law enforcement, immigration and related information into one place, making the information available to all law enforcement agencies.

Institutionalize Capacity to Sustain Rule of Law

- Law enforcement training and professionalization at the federal level, and increasingly at the state and local level, will enable the military to stand down from its law enforcement and counternarcotics role. This training will include a human rights element. Training, technical assistance, limited equipment, and other support will assist federal and state judicial systems to implement necessary reforms. Topics may include trial advocacy skills, development of criminal procedure codes, and evidence collection and chain of custody, among others. Internal controls and anti-corruption programs will continue to provide technical assistance, equipment, training, and other support to target corruption and build trustworthy institutions. Funds will continue to support the development and implementation of the national police registry to weed out corrupt police. Funds will support technical assistance, equipment and training to bring Mexico's forensics laboratories into conformity with international standards and modernize the Office of the Attorney General's and Federal Police's evidence examination abilities. Training, equipment, and technical expertise will be provided to continue support for significant prison reforms and prison system expansion. Prosecutors and other justice sector officials will be trained in support of Mexico's transition to an oral, accusatorial judicial system.

Create a 21st Century Border Structure

- Assistance will provide training and other support to boost border inspection capabilities. Trained canine teams will target illegal activity, especially along the border with the United States. Funds may continue support for a training academy for the Customs Secretariat.

Build Strong and Resilient Communities

- Continued support for drug demand reduction efforts will include assistance for prevention, treatment, and continuation of drug courts. Support will continue for a secure and anonymous citizen complaint project that will promote public engagement in the fight against illegal activity. Training in strategic messaging will promote the rule of law through media and other fora, and continue to help inform the public about institutional reforms and efforts being undertaken through the Merida Initiative.

Document: International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2012 Program and Budget Guide

Country: Haiti

Program Overview

Strengthening Haiti's security sector capacity is a key U.S. priority. The Haitian National Police (HNP) lacks the ability to investigate or respond to crimes, patrol, keep public order or even communicate internally. These basic prerequisites for enforcing the law are lacking throughout Haiti, but particularly in the Port au Prince slums, which are the epicenter of anti-government and criminal activity. Haiti remains a major drug transit country. Significant amounts of cocaine from South America transit the island of Hispaniola on its way to U.S. markets. In addition to posing problems for the United States, the drug trade in Haiti undermines the rule of law in that fragile country by fostering corruption and fomenting armed violence perpetrated by criminal gangs and political opposition groups. The Haitian government views counternarcotics as a priority. The January 12, 2010 earthquake had a tremendous effect on the way forward as the Government of Haiti (GOH) rebuilds and continues its efforts to improve the capacity of its law enforcement, corrections, and judicial organizations. The FY 2010 supplemental funding will support the restoration and expansion of Haiti's security and justice sector institutions. Continued funding in FY 2012 is needed to demonstrate USG commitment to help Haiti continue to address the areas of weakness in the security sector and support ongoing development and capacity building for its law enforcement and judicial institutions.

Program Goals and Objectives

The FY 2012 program focuses on police reform (crime control assistance), corrections (criminal justice assistance), and counternarcotics. These programs will be coordinated in cooperation with the GOH, the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), and other donors. The Haiti program also supports INL's FY 2012 Bureau Strategic and Resource Plan goals of Counternarcotics and Transnational Crime along with the Department of State's Haiti strategy, which was revised after the January 12 earthquake.

Objective 1: Restore the law enforcement capabilities of the GOH to maintain public order, reduce the attractiveness of illegal migration, and the ability of criminals to traffic drugs into the United States, which will promote economic development and long-term stability. Train and vet existing and 1,000 newly recruited Haitian National Police to democratic policing standards to form the core of a credible, competent police force. Ensure that Haitian police are able to respond to reports of crime in a timely manner, conduct effective patrols, direct traffic, communicate effectively, and conduct internal and criminal investigations, with crime reducing over time. Decrease the number of incidences of human rights abuses by police.

Objective 2: Improve the public's confidence in the police as an institution through increased crime reporting.

Objective 3: Assist the Haitian Coast Guard (HCG) to improve its capacity to control its territorial waters and borders.

Objective 4: Increase in arrests and prosecutions of trafficking organizations through anti-corruption and anti-money laundering programs.

Objective 5: Support, expand and improve the capacity of the HNP Counternarcotics Unit (BLTS).

FY 2012 Program

Stabilization Operations and Security Sector Reform

Civilian Police (CIVPOL)

- FY 2010 Supplemental INCLE funds support an increase in the number of police and corrections officers the U.S. is contributing to MINUSTAH from 55 to 110 to respond to greater needs in the aftermath of the earthquake. In FY 2012, funds will support the original contribution of 55, rather than the temporarily increased level of 110 officers

- U.S. officers will continue providing expertise in the areas of academy training, field mentoring, patrols, community policing, investigations, traffic, crime analysis, forensics, police management, supervisory skills, police administration, and other specialized skills.

- U.S officers will also continue to co-locate with Haitian officers at police stations and engage in joint patrols to continue increasing public confidence in the police.

Police Development and Reform

- Funds will support the HNP to recruit, select and train a minimum of 1,000 qualified officers. Specialized units, including forensics, SWAT, and traffic will be strengthened and trained. HNP supervisory, management, and human rights training will be provided as well as periodic in-service training for existing HNP officers. Funds will also provide equipment, communications, and logistical support to these trained officers.

- Funds will support the Inspector General's office to enhance HNP capacity to perform internal police investigations, exercise effective command and control over the police force, and ensure adherence to policies and procedures.

Counternarcotics

Counterdrug Support

- Funds will support port security and maritime interdiction operations from HCG bases at Killick, Cap Haitian, and Port-de-Paix. In partnership with the U.S. Coast Guard, funding will advance post-earthquake efforts aimed at restoring and upgrading the logistical and maintenance capacity of the HCG. A key initiative will be co-locating other HNP units to increase GOH presence and improve operational results.

- The BLTS currently has some officers vetted by DEA. Funds will be used to provide additional training and equipment, including radios and vehicles. Funding will support the deployment of elements of both units throughout the country, as well as the intelligence collection and analysis center within the HNP.

Transnational Crime

Anti-Money Laundering

- Funds will be used to continue the efforts of improving the capacity of the GOH to detect money-laundering and develop a procedure for using seized assets.

- The UCREF FIU (the Haitian Financial Intelligence Unit) and the financial crimes investigative unit (BAFE) suffered severe losses during the earthquake, including their buildings, forcing them to cease operations. Funds will build on FY 2010 supplemental funding projects to reconstitute and build capacity in these agencies by providing follow-on technical assistance and financial investigation mentors to support the anti-money laundering and anti-corruption efforts of the UCREF FIU and BAFE.

Rule of Law and Human Rights

Criminal Justice Development

- Funds will support capacity building of correctional personnel to better run newly-built institutions and provide appropriate equipment and training necessary to ensure well maintained and functions institutions.

Document: International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2012 Program and Budget Guide

Country: Ecuador

Program Overview

Ecuador is a major transit country for illicit drugs trafficked from Colombia and Peru to the United States, as well as a source of chemical precursors diverted for illicit narcotics manufacturing. Transit of illicit drugs is a major concern; therefore, the preponderance of U.S. counternarcotics assistance for Ecuador targets interdiction efforts. Counternarcotics cooperation continues to be one of the strongest pillars of the U.S. bilateral relationship with Ecuador. The U.S. remains committed to help Ecuador build a sustainable framework to counter the threat of drug trafficking and other transnational crimes.

Program Goals and Objectives

U.S. counternarcotics assistance is provided to improve the institutional capabilities of Ecuador’s police, military, and judicial sectors in support of the host government's efforts to effectively combat narcotics trafficking, money laundering, and other transnational crimes. These program objectives support Embassy Quito's foremost Mission Strategic and Resource Plan Goal for FY 2012 to disrupt narcotics trafficking and other transnational crimes. The objectives and goals also reflect INL's FY 2012 Bureau Strategic and Resource Plan goals of Criminal Justice Sector Capacity Building and Security Sector Reform (SSR), Counternarcotics, and Transnational Crime.

Objective 1: Strengthen police capabilities to disrupt the movement of illicit drugs transiting through Ecuador, and on to the United States, and dismantle narcotics trafficking organizations operating in Ecuador.

Objective 2: Build law enforcement capabilities to conduct criminal and financial investigations, resulting in arrest and prosecution of narcotics trafficking and transnational criminal organization leadership.

Objective 3: Support and strengthen military mobility, communications, and operational capabilities to effectively disrupt narcotics trafficking along Ecuador's northern border with Colombia.

FY 2012 Program

Counternarcotics

- Interdiction: Funds will support the Counternarcotics Police Directorate (DNA) port and canine operations; mobile anti-narcotics units including modernization of detection equipment; provision of communications equipment; vehicle acquisition and maintenance; as well provide a port security advisor from U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Funding will also support improving the prosecution of criminal cases, particularly those related to narcotics trafficking and money laundering, as well as provide assistance for the implementation of the code of criminal procedures. Support for the military will build capacity to protect national territory against narcotics traffickers in areas of limited police presence, particularly along the northern border with Colombia.

- Demand Reduction: Funds will provide informational materials and sponsor drug prevention and demand reduction public events to increase public awareness of the dangers of drug abuse. Funds will also support drug awareness projects operated by the Government of Ecuador (GOE).

Transnational Crime

- Money Laundering and Chemical Control: Funds will provide training, equipment, and technical assistance to help the GOE more effectively combat money laundering. Funds will support financial investigative and chemical control police units and also the Financial Intelligence Unit.

Document: International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2012 Program and Budget Guide

Country: Colombia

Program Overview

After achieving notable results in improving security,
disrupting the drug trade and expanding a government presence throughout the country,
Colombia is now working to consolidate this progress and share its expertise with others in
the region. The Colombian National Police (CNP) is our closest partner in promoting citizen
security throughout the region and elsewhere in the world. Since 2009, the CNP has trained
approximately 9,000 police from Latin America and West Africa in areas such as criminal
investigation skills, rural commando skills, VIP protection,
intelligence/counter-intelligence, anti-kidnapping/anti-extortion, and canine programs.

To help the Colombian Government implement their National Consolidation Plan, the United
States will continue to provide assistance to support Colombian-led interdiction and
eradication programs. U.S. programs will also enhance the CNP's capability to maintain a
security presence in former conflict and drug trafficking regions, while also expanding
access to state institutions and services in these regions. FY 2012 funds will also be used
to promote and expand local drug prevention programs and encourage the demobilization of
illegal, armed combatants.

Program Goals and Objectives

U.S.
counternarcotics and rule of law assistance supports the Government of Colombia's (GOC)
broad programs that help keep several hundred metric tons of cocaine and heroin from
reaching the United States. The U.S. is increasingly focusing its resources to support
Colombia's National Consolidation Plan, which calls for concentrated efforts to expand state
presence and services in targeted geographic areas where poverty, violence, and illicit crop
cultivation or narcotics trafficking have historically converged. Our programs address
several priority consolidation zones, i.e., areas where insecurity, drug cultivation and
trafficking and a lack of alternative development remain impediments to democratic
development. Within these priority areas, counternarcotics programs are being closely
sequenced with expanding state presence and alternative development to promote more
permanent eradication results.

Objective 1: Continue to support Colombia's
increasing capacity to combat the drug trade through counternarcotics programs closely
coordinated with alternative development.

Objective 2: Assist the GOC in
expanding security and justice in remote and former conflict regions.

Objective
3: Improve the capability of Colombia's Attorney General's Office, particularly its
Human Rights and Justice and Peace Units.

Objective 4: Enhance cooperation
with Colombia to promote regional training and coordination on counternarcotics and citizen
safety initiatives.

FY 2012 Program

Stabilization Operations and
Security Sector Reform

Attorney General's Office

- Funding
will support training, including that provided by the U.S. Marshals Service, for Colombian
agencies that provide protection at Colombia's courts and protect witnesses, prosecutors and
judges.

Reestablishing Rural Police

- Expanding the
government's ability to secure former conflict regions is fundamental to achieving more
lasting eradication and promoting human rights and citizen security. Funding will support
increases in the number of trained and equipped rural police and provide weapons, ammunition
and transportation.

Individual Deserter Program

- U.S.
assistance will provide for the continued support of subject matter expertise to bolster the
Colombian Ministry of Defense's demobilization program. A team of U.S.-supported advisors
offers tailored demobilization and prevention of illegal recruitment strategies, as well as
advanced database management tools.

Strategic Initiative – Rule of Law

- Colombia's police and judicial system are confronting multiple security
challenges, both in urban and rural settings, which go beyond traditional counternarcotics
and rule of law programs. In concert with Colombia's comprehensive strategy to combat the
emergent "bandas criminales" (BACRIM), this program will enhance capacity in both Colombia's
police and justice system to address this disparate threat by supporting some of the new
anti-BACRIM units being created in Colombia's security forces and Prosecutor General's
Office. Assistance will consist of training and specialized equipment, such as communication
and intelligence support. Funds will also be used to support Colombia's National
Consolidation Plan, particularly efforts to increase access to justice in consolidation
zones.

Counternarcotics

Colombian Military

-
Navy Maritime Interdiction: Further expands the Colombian Coast Guard's presence
throughout the Pacific coast where a majority of the drugs destined for the Unites States
depart. The USG will support limited infrastructure and base construction off of Colombia's
Pacific coastline, purchase equipment and weapons for Coast Guard personnel and support
maritime interdiction training. Some funds will also be used to support similar Colombian
Navy programs along their Caribbean coast.

Colombian National Police (CNP)

- CNP Aviation Support: Supports an aviation contract that
provides mechanics, a small number of pilots to oversee Colombian pilots, and supplies
aviation parts and training. This enables CNP Aviation to provide important support for a
range of counternarcotics activities, including security for aerial eradication, transport
for manual eradication personnel, interdiction missions and high-value target
operations.

- CNP Eradication: Aerial eradication is an important tool
in consolidation efforts. It allows the Colombian government to eradicate areas that are not
safe for manual eradication and can more quickly target large coca growing areas. Funding
under this line supports the Colombian National Police with an aviation contract that
supplies spray pilots, parts, and logistics for up to 12 AT-802 spray planes and two Cessna
208 imagery gathering aircraft. Sustained aerial and manual eradication operations in 2009
are credited with a 3 percent reduction in coca cultivation compared to 2008, from 119,000
to 116,000 hectares, as well as a decline in pure cocaine production potential of 3.5
percent, from 280 metric tons (MT) in 2008 to 270 MT in 2009 - a 61 percent drop from the
700 MT estimated production potential in 2001. We are working closely with the Colombian
government to nationalize components of this program, including purchasing of the glyphosate
used in aerial eradication and building a cadre of Colombian mechanics for the AT-802s.

- CNP Interdiction: Trains and equips specialized CNP interdiction units.
Supports interdiction programs at Colombia's ports and airports, including purchasing
scanning equipment and providing training to the CNP. Enhances security and capacity at
rural CNP stations in consolidation areas through security training and infrastructure
upgrades.

- Establishing Rural Police Presence: Funding will also
provide training, weapons and mine detection equipment to rural police/Carabineros that
provide protection for manual eradicators.

Drug Demand Prevention

- U.S. support will help strengthen local anti-drug community organizations, as
well as expand the CNP's Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) program.

Rule of
Law and Human Rights

Attorney General's Office

- Assisting
the GOC in investigating and prosecuting human rights cases is a U.S. government priority.
Increasing the administrative capability of the Colombian Prosecutor General's Office, along
with building capacity within this office's Human Rights and Justice and Peace units, will
be focal points of funding under this account.

Justice Sector Reform Program

- Provide training and equipment for the expansion of criminal justice
operations and activities into consolidation areas by enhancing the work of the Fiscalia's
regional offices and judicial training for government officials in these regions. Support
for training in the new accusatory system and criminal code will continue.