U.S. Aid from International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement, Entire Region, 2006-2011
Advanced Search
Grant military and police aid from International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement, Entire Region, 2006-2011
All Grant Aid from International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement, Entire Region, 2006-2011
Military and police trainees from International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement, Entire Region, 2006-2011
U.S. Training Institutions, International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement, Entire Region, 2006-2011 (Maximum 20 Shown)
| Country | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | Country Total |
| Colombia | 350,248,000 | 386,869,000 | 223,124,500 | 228,239,000 | 199,950,000 | 168,413,708 | 1,556,844,208 |
| Mexico | 28,340,000 | 36,678,000 | 292,298,000 | 360,000,000 | 416,325,000 | 274,836,150 | 1,408,477,150 |
| Peru | 47,700,000 | 56,000,000 | 31,296,000 | 45,731,260 | 38,588,889 | 35,694,722 | 255,010,871 |
| Bolivia | 37,206,000 | 35,000,000 | 25,423,000 | 25,629,910 | 19,710,092 | 19,710,092 | 162,679,094 |
| Western Hemisphere Regional | 1,900,000 | 2,200,000 | 18,148,000 | 43,531,673 | 42,936,140 | 40,556,624 | 149,272,437 |
| Haiti | 13,925,000 | 14,850,000 | 10,727,000 | 17,500,000 | 21,107,000 | 19,420,000 | 97,529,000 |
| Ecuador | 7,315,000 | 8,900,000 | 6,112,000 | 7,344,224 | 4,402,898 | 7,473,185 | 41,547,307 |
| Caribbean Basin Security Initiative | 37,463,000 | 37,463,000 | |||||
| Guatemala | 1,060,000 | 13,000,000 | 2,472,000 | 4,491,429 | 6,640,625 | 27,664,054 | |
| Brazil | 4,940,000 | 4,000,000 | 285,000 | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | 12,225,000 |
| Panama | 3,125,000 | 4,000,000 | 592,000 | 2,200,000 | 9,917,000 | ||
| Dominican Republic | 2,992,000 | 3,650,000 | 3,263,333 | 9,905,333 | |||
| Jamaica | 530,000 | 900,000 | 342,000 | 589,167 | 2,361,167 | ||
| Central America Regional | 2,225,000 | 2,225,000 | |||||
| Paraguay | 272,000 | 300,000 | 463,415 | 926,829 | 1,962,244 | ||
| Venezuela | 1,000,000 | 500,000 | 1,500,000 | ||||
| Honduras | 650,000 | 608,000 | 1,258,000 | ||||
| Bahamas | 120,000 | 500,000 | 100,000 | 500,000 | 1,220,000 | ||
| Argentina | 194,000 | 275,000 | 240,000 | 320,000 | 1,029,000 | ||
| Trinidad and Tobago | 227,000 | 400,000 | 627,000 | ||||
| El Salvador | 478,000 | 478,000 | |||||
| Eastern Caribbean | 383,333 | 383,333 | |||||
| Eastern Caribbean Regional | 200,000 | 200,000 | |||||
| Chile | 80,000 | 80,000 | |||||
| TOTAL | 496,409,000 | 566,772,000 | 615,970,500 | 742,264,996 | 754,627,392 | 605,814,310 | 3,781,858,198 |
All amounts in U.S. dollars. Numbers in italics are estimates, usually based on the closest year for which data are available.
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | TOTAL | |
| TOTAL | 496,409,000 | 566,772,000 | 615,970,500 | 742,264,996 | 754,627,392 | 605,814,310 | 3,781,858,198 |
| Country | 2006 | 2007 | Country Total |
| Colombia | 555 | 381 | 936 |
| Mexico | 132 | 24 | 156 |
| Ecuador | 98 | 5 | 103 |
| Peru | 43 | 56 | 99 |
| Panama | 92 | 6 | 98 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 12 | 12 | |
| Bolivia | 6 | 6 | |
| Dominica | 4 | 4 | |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 4 | 4 | |
| St. Lucia | 4 | 4 | |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | 3 | 3 | |
| TOTAL | 947 | 478 | 1,425 |
| Institution | 2006 | 2007 | Total |
| Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation | 130 | 211 | 341 |
| Inter-American Air Forces Academy | 198 | 198 | |
| 12th Flying Training Wing | 72 | 72 | |
| Inter-American Air Forces Academy | 67 | 67 | |
| Army Aviation Center | 37 | 7 | 44 |
| Army Aviation Logistics School | 21 | 23 | 44 |
| Coast Guard Training Center | 27 | 27 | |
| Naval Small Craft Instruction and Technical Training School | 11 | 14 | 25 |
| Defense Language Institute English Language Center | 1 | 1 | |
| TOTAL | 497 | 322 | 819 |
Official Descriptions of Aid from International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement
U.S. Department of State, 2010
Program Objectives and Performance Indicators – Merida Central America
The Merida Initiative seeks to strengthen the capacities of the Governments of Central America to confront and bring under control criminal organizations operating within their territories.
United States Government assistance falls into the broad areas of (1) counternarcotics, counterterrorism, and border security; (2) public security and law enforcement; and (3) institution-building and rule of law. We recognize the immediate need to combat the criminal organizations and associated violence; the medium-term requirement to augment the capabilities of civilian law enforcement and security entities; and the long-term necessity of strengthening judicial and other state institutions to resist corruption and improve the administration of justice.
The USG has established four strategic goals listed below and a series of indicators to evaluate the success of the Merida Initiative.
Break the power and impunity of criminal organizations. Assist the Governments of Central America in strengthening border, air, and maritime controls. Improve the capacity of justice systems in the region. Curtail gang activity in Central America and diminish the demand for drugs in the region.
Program Justification
Roughly 90 percent of all the cocaine consumed in the United States transits Central America and Mexico, and the region is also challenged by declining public security. Central American officials have identified gangs, drug trafficking, and trafficking of arms as the most pressing security concerns in that region. Vulnerabilities created by the increasingly violent nature of the security situation in Central America, if left unchecked, could open the way for more dangerous threats to emerge. An example of this threat is the increasing activity of the Zetas (the security arm of the Mexican Gulf Cartel) in Guatemala that has targeted civilians, law enforcement and courts and prosecutors. Our partners in Central America have already made some progress in their own efforts to fight transnational organized criminal networks, and are demonstrating unprecedented will to work with us and each other to address these issues. FY 2010 Merida funding will continue the support the U.S. has given to this unprecedented regional effort. To increase sustainability, the largest component of that assistance is to strengthen security forces of the region, followed by training and technical assistance to strengthen justice sector institutions under Rule of Law and Good Governance.
A Caribbean-specific initiative announced at the Fifth Summit of the Americas laid the groundwork for increased cooperation on social justice, economic development, and citizen safety with Caribbean and partner countries. This announcement was made by the President as an acknowledgement of increasing crime and violence affecting the safety of citizens through the Caribbean and in recognition of Caribbean nations' lack of capacity to address threats aimed at the United States.
Developing this initiative became a priority as the Merida Initiative began yielding positive results in Mexico and Central America, making the Caribbean an increasingly attractive transit zone for transnational organized criminals, terrorists and illicit traffickers. FY 2010 is an investment in anticipation of a five-year citizen safety partnership relying on multiple foreign assistance monies to strengthen Caribbean countries' capacities to develop, coordinate, and execute, in cooperation with the United States, other partner countries, and international organizations, a regional security plan to provide increased citizen safety in a region witnessing increasing spillover effects in the form of crime, drug use, and declining foreign investment.
Program Accomplishments
Merida implementation has just begun in Central America, but the governments of the region have developed a strategic plan to combat security threats through SICA, the Central American Integration System. All countries have signed Letters of Agreement. Assessments of needs for border security and police equipment are underway or completed and procurement of police equipment has begun.
FY 2010 Program
Law Enforcement Security
FY 2010 assistance will help police receive and share information about crime and criminals that cross borders, the program will fund extension of the Central American Fingerprint System to additional mobile stations within each country and add additional real-time links to the Interpol ""24/7"" network.
The International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) will extend specialized training to law enforcement and justice sector personnel by adding additional courses and enabling additional students to attend. Examples of courses include investigating organized crime, combating criminal youth gangs and prevention, officer safety, and legal aspects of using tools such as wiretaps and controlled deliveries. A Regional Firearms Advisor, firearms interdiction training, and the OAS Stockpile Management and Destruction program will help participating countries combat arms trafficking.
The program will continue to provide equipment and related training for enhanced ports and border inspection operations at the multiple crossings between the countries of the region. Maritime interdiction funding will help maintain and repair interdiction craft and provide spare parts and will refurbish seized boats that police can use against traffickers.
Counternarcotics
FY 2010 funds will provide equipment, training and operational support for counternarcotics vetted units, including those under DEA, Customs and Border Patrol, as well as national police units historically supported by INL. Project support will also extend the training for the DEA's Center for Drug Intelligence, an online information exchange network, and for an OAS drug prevention program.
Caribbean Training and Logistical Support Teams will provide a platform for leading U.S. engagement and support for maritime interdiction in the Caribbean. Teams will deploy to the region to provide training, logistical and maintenance support. The primary goal for these teams is to provide onsite support until a U.S. vessel, with an international crew, can be deployed to provide those services. That vessel will foster international cooperation by offering the opportunity for a diverse, international and joint/interagency crew to work together and support all of the cooperating countries in the Caribbean. The Caribbean support vessel will deliver a total support package including a mobile professional training program and maintenance team with potential for shops, tools, technicians, and limited onboard classroom/berthing/messing for students. Additionally, it may provide a centralized supply source for standard spare parts, turn-in items, etc., and will have the capability to deliver cargo.
Rule of Law and Human Rights
... In addition, the project will provide technical assistance to improve prison management, juvenile justice systems and post-prison rehabilitation to ensure that the corrections system protects society from criminals while also guiding and rehabilitating young offenders. The program will also continue technical support to police academies of the region to develop and implement curricula that will train police forces in modern law enforcement techniques and to work effectively with communities while respecting human rights....U.S. Department of State, 2010U.S. Department of State, 2010
Program Justification
As a result of Venezuela's lack of cooperation with the U.S., there has been an increase in the transshipment of cocaine and heroin to Trinidad and Tobago, via Venezuela. The majority of the cocaine that arrives on Trinidad is via commercial vessels, sailing vessels and small fishing vessels, in amounts upwards of several thousand kilogram quantities. These loads are generally coordinated by organized Colombian and Venezuelan drug trafficking organizations, and are often facilitated and protected by members of the Venezuelan military. The cocaine is then stored and broken up into smaller loads for smuggling into the U.S., Canada and Europe. The GOTT has faced an escalation in violent crime fueled by the Colombian drugs-for-arms trade.
The key U.S. policy objective is to assist the GOTT to eliminate the flow of illegal drugs through Trinidad and Tobago to the United States. Joint efforts focus on strengthening the GOTT's ability to detect and interdict drug shipments, bring traffickers and other criminals to trial, attack money laundering, and counter drug-related corruption. U.S. funding will support the enhancement of the Special Anti-Narcotics Unit, by providing the necessary training and technical support to ensure the increased seizures of drugs. Funding to support operations of the Organized Crime Narcotics and Firearms Bureau will help increase seizures of various types of illicit drugs and disruption of the drug trade.
Program Accomplishments
As a result of joint operations with foreign law enforcement counterparts, there were 51 drug trafficking arrests from January to September 2008. Based on local investigations and data collection, as of October 31, 2008, inside the territory of Trinidad and coastal waters, the GOTT had unofficially seized approximately 141 kilograms (kg) of cocaine, over 27 kg of heroin and almost 3,711 kg of cannabis in various forms.
The Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard (TTCG), the Organized Crime and Narcotics Unit, Counter Drug and Crime Task Force, and the Special Anti Crime Unit of Trinidad and Tobago (SAUTT) and other specialized police/military units continued drug interdiction and eradication operations throughout 2008, destroying in excess of 168,700 fully-grown marijuana plants in several exercises. The DEA and U.S. Customs and Border Protection assisted with several of these joint exercises. The country has purchased technical equipment to augment human resources. Retired Scotland Yard officers continue to work alongside GOTT law enforcement agents as ""on-the-job mentors"" and to provide support for the Caribbean Financial Action Task Force (CFATF), which has its secretariat in Port of Spain.
FY 2010 Program
Interdiction/Law Enforcement
Due to porous borders and lack of resources, commercial shipments can pose a threat to security in Trinidad and Tobago, as well as provide an entry for illegal drugs. FY 2010 funds will provide cargo scanners to enhance GOTT capabilities to protect against these threats using existing law enforcement personnel resources. Funds will also be used to help support a canine unit on Tobago to assist with detection of contraband at the Scarborough seaport and the Crown Point airport, which has expanded to allow more international flights on a daily basis.
FY2010 funds will also support training and technical assistance to GOTT's counter- drug/crime units, including the Police, Defense Force, and SAUTT to improve their capability to conduct interdiction operations on land and at sea. Additionally, funds will support training and information sharing from judicialized electronic surveillance operations and to enable GOTT law enforcement authorities to attend a Drug Commanders Conference.U.S. Department of State, 2010
Program Justification
The lack of resources, limited law enforcement capabilities, and overburdened and under- resourced courts inhibit the GOS's ability to identify, apprehend, and prosecute narcotics traffickers. Narcotics-related money laundering is closely linked to transnational criminal transshipment of cocaine. Domestic drug trafficking organizations and organized crime are thought to control much of the money laundering proceeds. Past INL programs, implemented in cooperation with the DEA, have been critical to GOS success in targeting large trafficking rings.
Program Accomplishments
In 2008, the GOS seized 228.1 kilograms (kg) of cocaine, 123 kg of cannabis, 785 ecstasy (MDMA) tablets and 3,346.4 grams of heroin. While 2008 seizures were on par with previous year, the GOS Ministry of Justice and Police and law enforcement institutions' 334 FY 2010 INL Program and Budget Guide continued targeting large trafficking rings, (with direct links to South American and European rings), and its expanding cooperation with regional and international partners could yield improved results. USG law enforcement intelligence shows that traffickers have changed their routes and methods of operations in response to GOS efforts. The drug trafficking organizations have moved their landing strips further into the interior and changed trafficking tactics, such as using one landing strip for a very short period of time and then moving to another strip. In 2008, a total of 582 people were arrested for drug-related offenses.
FY 2010 Program
Counternarcotics/Interdiction
FY 2010 funding will help strengthen the counternarcotics capabilities of Suriname's police and customs agencies by providing training and limited non-lethal equipment to the Airport Narcotics Unit and to a DEA-led vetted unit targeting drug trafficking. USG funds will also be used to bring U.S.-based experts to Suriname to conduct training and support Surinamese government officials' attendance at USG-hosted regional workshops and training sessions in order to enhance regional cooperation on transnational crime. Funds will also be used to send selected law enforcement officers to training in the U.S. and the region, including training in undercover operations, surveillance, and border interdiction, as well as provide law enforcement with technical investigative equipment.
This project will enable GOS officials to participate in regional training sessions (or programs) in order to enhance interdiction cooperation with U.S. law enforcement and other law enforcement entities in the region.U.S. Department of State, 2010
Improve coordination and capabilities of Peruvian agencies involved in counternarcotics law enforcement to more effectively act against illicit drug trafficking:
U.S. Department of State, 2010
Program Justification
Paraguay is a major transit country for Andean cocaine shipped to Argentina and Brazil for transshipment to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the United States. Paraguay is attractive to international narcotics traffickers due to its strategic position between Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentina and the lack of law enforcement presence in much of Paraguay's national territory. Although SENAD enjoys solid support from the highest levels of the GOP and the Paraguayan public, its operational effectiveness is hampered by the GOP's limited financial resources.
Drug production has increased significantly in neighboring Bolivia, and is likely to affect the amount of cocaine transiting Paraguay. When DEA was forced to depart Bolivia in November 2008, Paraguay was one of the countries than received additional DEA personnel. This will enable Paraguay to enhance its counternarcotics operations. Increased USG assistance will be critical for SENAD to be able to expand its efforts in response to these challenges.
Program Accomplishments
In 2008, SENAD seized 277 kilograms (kg) of cocaine, a record 172 metric tons (MT) of marijuana and 127.36 kg of ephedrine. SENAD also arrested 419 drug traffickers, including members of the Brazilian ""Comando Vermelho"" organization. The Paraguayan Congress passed an improved version of the penal code which will go into effect in July 2009. The new code makes money laundering an ""autonomous"" crime (one in which no predicate offense conviction is required), punishable by a prison term of up to ten years. It also improves Paraguay's legislative framework for intellectual property and trafficking in persons' violations.
FY 2010 Program
Interdiction
SENAD Equipment and Commodities Assistance: This project enhances SENAD's ability to conduct counternarcotics enforcement activities by providing training, equipment and technical assistance for SENAD agents. FY 2010 funds will be used to train SENAD agents in investigative methods, provide computers, software, surveillance and communications equipment, and purchase uniforms, GPS units, and bullet-proof vests. It will also be used to complete renovations of SENAD's headquarters and to upgrade SENAD's drug analysis laboratory equipment.
SENAD Operational Support: This project provides funding to support SENAD investigations of major narcotics traffickers. Funds will also be used to provide operational expenses, such as equipment and travel costs, as well as support costs for vetting of investigators and prosecutors from the Public Ministry.
Narcotics Detection Canine Program: Support will enhance the GOP's narcotics enforcement activities through the use of narcotics detection canines, which directly supports SENAD drug inspections and interdiction operations. FY 2010 funding will be used to purchase and train several additional dogs, as well as to relocate the dog kennel for the unit due to renovations at Asuncion's international airport.U.S. Department of State, 2010U.S. Department of State, 2010U.S. Department of State, 2010
Arms Trafficking
Define and implement a comprehensive strategy aimed at disrupting the traffic of arms to Mexico emphasizing preventive initiatives on both sides of the border and effective controls on the sale of weapons.
Interdiction
Enhance Mexico's capabilities to target the disruption of the command and control of Mexico’s drug trafficking organizations (DTOs). Expand the capacity of Mexican law enforcement agencies (LEAs) to interdict trafficked narcotics and precursors and the illicit proceeds that derive from them. Help Mexican authorities to develop their own means to handle HAZMAT associated with methamphetamine labs.
Establish interconnectivity between the respective command and control centers of Mexico's LEAs, to maximize coordination of joint operations and investigations.
Institution Building
Provide the GOM with means to build upon foundation laid in its creation of a Unified System of Crime Reporting (linking all police and prosecutors across entire country), of by enhancing OASISS project, and expanding its "digitalization" of cases within Office of the Attorney General (PGR)
Program Justification
The Calderon Administration has amply demonstrated the strongest commitment to attack the criminal organizations and their illicit trafficking in arms, drugs, precursors and persons. It is also undertaking a fundamental restructuring of the Mexican justice system and its law enforcement institutions and to improve the access by its citizenry to rule of law. Its law enforcement agencies (LEAs) have provided an unprecedented level of cooperation. Mexico itself is gravely concerned about the production, trade and consumption of methamphetamines within its territory and USG support will help enable Mexico to attack its production and trafficking, as well as to educate the public of the inherent threat.
Mexico has made significant advances in meeting its long-term law enforcement goals. The Calderon Administration is transforming its judicial system to provide for oral trials under an accusatorial system, as well as to restructure the entire federal police force to make it more efficient and responsive to the needs of preserving public security. INL support is needed to help Mexico accomplish these truly historic goals.
Program Accomplishments
President Calderon launched aggressive operations across Mexico to reassert control over areas that had fallen under the virtual dominion of drug cartels. Mexican authorities extradited a record 95 fugitives to the United States in 2008, including the leader of the Gulf Cartel. Among the many important successes registered by law enforcement authorities was the seizure of over 18 metric tons of cocaine, 921 metric tons of marijuana, a record-breaking seizure of weapons believed to belong to the Gulf Cartel, and the arrest of several major cartels figures.
INL's prior support has helped Mexico harden its northern border (and protect the U.S. south- west border) against trafficking in narcotics, bulk cash, arms and other contraband through improvements in its physical inspection infrastructure using non-intrusive inspection equipment (NIIE). SENTRI (Secure Electronic Network for Travelers’ Rapid Inspection) traffic lanes at six major border crossings were also constructed to expedite the crossing of pre-cleared, low-risk commuters, allowing authorities to concentrate more inspection resources on high-risk travelers.
Every year Mexico expends significant resources on its own interdiction and eradication efforts. Annually the GOM destroys thousands of hectares of illicit poppy and marijuana cultivation, seizes tons of illicit drugs (heroin, cocaine, methamphetamines, synthetics and marijuana), intercepts millions of dollars of criminal proceeds, arrests and prosecutes thousands of criminals and extradites record numbers of criminals. The total number of weapons seized during the Calderon administration includes 30,231 weapons (16,401 of which were assault weapons), more than 3.5 million rounds of ammunition, and 2,196 grenades.U.S. Department of State, 2010
Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010
Country: Western Hemisphere Regional
Program Objectives and Performance Indicators – Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI)
- Strengthen criminal enterprise legislation that allows each member of a criminal organization to be charged with criminal acts committed by any one member of the organization.
- Facilitate regional and national security and law enforcement cooperation.
Program Objectives and Performance Indicators – Merida Central America
The Merida Initiative seeks to strengthen the capacities of the Governments of Central America to confront and bring under control criminal organizations operating within their territories.
United States Government assistance falls into the broad areas of (1) counternarcotics, counterterrorism, and border security; (2) public security and law enforcement; and (3) institution-building and rule of law. We recognize the immediate need to combat the criminal organizations and associated violence; the medium-term requirement to augment the capabilities of civilian law enforcement and security entities; and the long-term necessity of strengthening judicial and other state institutions to resist corruption and improve the administration of justice.
The USG has established four strategic goals listed below and a series of indicators to evaluate the success of the Merida Initiative.
Break the power and impunity of criminal organizations. Assist the Governments of Central America in strengthening border, air, and maritime controls. Improve the capacity of justice systems in the region. Curtail gang activity in Central America and diminish the demand for drugs in the region.
Program Justification
Roughly 90 percent of all the cocaine consumed in the United States transits Central America and Mexico, and the region is also challenged by declining public security. Central American officials have identified gangs, drug trafficking, and trafficking of arms as the most pressing security concerns in that region. Vulnerabilities created by the increasingly violent nature of the security situation in Central America, if left unchecked, could open the way for more dangerous threats to emerge. An example of this threat is the increasing activity of the Zetas (the security arm of the Mexican Gulf Cartel) in Guatemala that has targeted civilians, law enforcement and courts and prosecutors. Our partners in Central America have already made some progress in their own efforts to fight transnational organized criminal networks, and are demonstrating unprecedented will to work with us and each other to address these issues. FY 2010 Merida funding will continue the support the U.S. has given to this unprecedented regional effort. To increase sustainability, the largest component of that assistance is to strengthen security forces of the region, followed by training and technical assistance to strengthen justice sector institutions under Rule of Law and Good Governance.
A Caribbean-specific initiative announced at the Fifth Summit of the Americas laid the groundwork for increased cooperation on social justice, economic development, and citizen safety with Caribbean and partner countries. This announcement was made by the President as an acknowledgement of increasing crime and violence affecting the safety of citizens through the Caribbean and in recognition of Caribbean nations' lack of capacity to address threats aimed at the United States.
Developing this initiative became a priority as the Merida Initiative began yielding positive results in Mexico and Central America, making the Caribbean an increasingly attractive transit zone for transnational organized criminals, terrorists and illicit traffickers. FY 2010 is an investment in anticipation of a five-year citizen safety partnership relying on multiple foreign assistance monies to strengthen Caribbean countries' capacities to develop, coordinate, and execute, in cooperation with the United States, other partner countries, and international organizations, a regional security plan to provide increased citizen safety in a region witnessing increasing spillover effects in the form of crime, drug use, and declining foreign investment.
Program Accomplishments
Merida implementation has just begun in Central America, but the governments of the region have developed a strategic plan to combat security threats through SICA, the Central American Integration System. All countries have signed Letters of Agreement. Assessments of needs for border security and police equipment are underway or completed and procurement of police equipment has begun.
FY 2010 Program
Law Enforcement Security
FY 2010 assistance will help police receive and share information about crime and criminals that cross borders, the program will fund extension of the Central American Fingerprint System to additional mobile stations within each country and add additional real-time links to the Interpol ""24/7"" network.
The International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) will extend specialized training to law enforcement and justice sector personnel by adding additional courses and enabling additional students to attend. Examples of courses include investigating organized crime, combating criminal youth gangs and prevention, officer safety, and legal aspects of using tools such as wiretaps and controlled deliveries. A Regional Firearms Advisor, firearms interdiction training, and the OAS Stockpile Management and Destruction program will help participating countries combat arms trafficking.
The program will continue to provide equipment and related training for enhanced ports and border inspection operations at the multiple crossings between the countries of the region. Maritime interdiction funding will help maintain and repair interdiction craft and provide spare parts and will refurbish seized boats that police can use against traffickers.
Counternarcotics
FY 2010 funds will provide equipment, training and operational support for counternarcotics vetted units, including those under DEA, Customs and Border Patrol, as well as national police units historically supported by INL. Project support will also extend the training for the DEA's Center for Drug Intelligence, an online information exchange network, and for an OAS drug prevention program.
Caribbean Training and Logistical Support Teams will provide a platform for leading U.S. engagement and support for maritime interdiction in the Caribbean. Teams will deploy to the region to provide training, logistical and maintenance support. The primary goal for these teams is to provide onsite support until a U.S. vessel, with an international crew, can be deployed to provide those services. That vessel will foster international cooperation by offering the opportunity for a diverse, international and joint/interagency crew to work together and support all of the cooperating countries in the Caribbean. The Caribbean support vessel will deliver a total support package including a mobile professional training program and maintenance team with potential for shops, tools, technicians, and limited onboard classroom/berthing/messing for students. Additionally, it may provide a centralized supply source for standard spare parts, turn-in items, etc., and will have the capability to deliver cargo.
Rule of Law and Human Rights
... In addition, the project will provide technical assistance to improve prison management, juvenile justice systems and post-prison rehabilitation to ensure that the corrections system protects society from criminals while also guiding and rehabilitating young offenders. The program will also continue technical support to police academies of the region to develop and implement curricula that will train police forces in modern law enforcement techniques and to work effectively with communities while respecting human rights....
Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010
Country: Uruguay
Program Objectives and Performance Indicators
Enable the Government of Uruguay (GOU) to strengthen its technical and operational ability to interdict narcotics, conduct complex criminal investigations, and arrest traffickers.
- Increased quantity of cocaine seized; increased presence of National Drug Police (DTGRID) in areas where it previously had little or no presence; increased ability to investigate crimes and provide evidence in prosecutions.
Justification
Uruguay is not a major narcotics producing or transit country. However, Uruguay's free trade zones afford relative anonymity for the movement of cargo which makes it attractive transit point for drug traffickers from Colombia, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, and Mexico. Additionally, limited inspection of airport and sea port cargo makes Uruguay appealing as a transit point for contraband, including chemical precursors, to Paraguay and elsewhere. The counternarcotics police also continue to target clandestine facilities used for processing, refining, and shipping Bolivian cocaine as well as distribution centers for the highly addictive and inexpensive cocaine-based product known as ""pasta base.""
Program Accomplishments
In 2008, the DTRGID seized 819 kilograms of cocaine, detained 2,280 persons and arrested 668. In November 2008, the Uruguayan Congress approved the creation of special courts to prosecute organized crime, which is defined as drug trafficking, money laundering, trafficking in persons and arms, financial crimes, and child prostitution and child pornography. In December 2008, the development of those courts began in earnest with the naming of the two presiding judges; 20 cases have been referred to the courts.
FY 2010 Program
Software and Technical Operations Training
FY 2010 funds will enable the DGRTID to participate in Real-time Analytical Intelligence Database (RAID) training. RAID is a relational database (available in a Spanish language version) used to record key pieces of information and to quickly identify links among people, places, businesses, financial accounts, telephone numbers, and other investigative information examined by investigators. It can be used to analyze information from investigations or as a case management tool. Funding will also support training for DTRGID officers on a software analysis package that will enhance information sharing with compatible software programs used by USG and host nation counterparts. The training will fill a void in the agency's analytical capabilities, and enhance their investigations and ability to collaborate with foreign law enforcement organizations.
Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010
Country: Trinidad and Tobago
Program Objectives and Performance Indicators
Improve mobility, communications and technical operations for Government of Trinidad and Tobago's (GOTT) law enforcement agencies.
- Increased drug seizures and number and the number of arrests of narcotics traffickers.
Program Justification
As a result of Venezuela's lack of cooperation with the U.S., there has been an increase in the transshipment of cocaine and heroin to Trinidad and Tobago, via Venezuela. The majority of the cocaine that arrives on Trinidad is via commercial vessels, sailing vessels and small fishing vessels, in amounts upwards of several thousand kilogram quantities. These loads are generally coordinated by organized Colombian and Venezuelan drug trafficking organizations, and are often facilitated and protected by members of the Venezuelan military. The cocaine is then stored and broken up into smaller loads for smuggling into the U.S., Canada and Europe. The GOTT has faced an escalation in violent crime fueled by the Colombian drugs-for-arms trade.
The key U.S. policy objective is to assist the GOTT to eliminate the flow of illegal drugs through Trinidad and Tobago to the United States. Joint efforts focus on strengthening the GOTT's ability to detect and interdict drug shipments, bring traffickers and other criminals to trial, attack money laundering, and counter drug-related corruption. U.S. funding will support the enhancement of the Special Anti-Narcotics Unit, by providing the necessary training and technical support to ensure the increased seizures of drugs. Funding to support operations of the Organized Crime Narcotics and Firearms Bureau will help increase seizures of various types of illicit drugs and disruption of the drug trade.
Program Accomplishments
As a result of joint operations with foreign law enforcement counterparts, there were 51 drug trafficking arrests from January to September 2008. Based on local investigations and data collection, as of October 31, 2008, inside the territory of Trinidad and coastal waters, the GOTT had unofficially seized approximately 141 kilograms (kg) of cocaine, over 27 kg of heroin and almost 3,711 kg of cannabis in various forms.
The Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard (TTCG), the Organized Crime and Narcotics Unit, Counter Drug and Crime Task Force, and the Special Anti Crime Unit of Trinidad and Tobago (SAUTT) and other specialized police/military units continued drug interdiction and eradication operations throughout 2008, destroying in excess of 168,700 fully-grown marijuana plants in several exercises. The DEA and U.S. Customs and Border Protection assisted with several of these joint exercises. The country has purchased technical equipment to augment human resources. Retired Scotland Yard officers continue to work alongside GOTT law enforcement agents as ""on-the-job mentors"" and to provide support for the Caribbean Financial Action Task Force (CFATF), which has its secretariat in Port of Spain.
FY 2010 Program
Interdiction/Law Enforcement
Due to porous borders and lack of resources, commercial shipments can pose a threat to security in Trinidad and Tobago, as well as provide an entry for illegal drugs. FY 2010 funds will provide cargo scanners to enhance GOTT capabilities to protect against these threats using existing law enforcement personnel resources. Funds will also be used to help support a canine unit on Tobago to assist with detection of contraband at the Scarborough seaport and the Crown Point airport, which has expanded to allow more international flights on a daily basis.
FY2010 funds will also support training and technical assistance to GOTT's counter- drug/crime units, including the Police, Defense Force, and SAUTT to improve their capability to conduct interdiction operations on land and at sea. Additionally, funds will support training and information sharing from judicialized electronic surveillance operations and to enable GOTT law enforcement authorities to attend a Drug Commanders Conference.
Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010
Country: Suriname
Program Objectives and Performance Indicators
Reduce transshipment of narcotics through better equipment and enhanced information- sharing and cooperation; and provide training for judges and law enforcement personnel.
- Increased seizures of cocaine and marijuana and arrest of narcotics traffickers.
Program Justification
The lack of resources, limited law enforcement capabilities, and overburdened and under- resourced courts inhibit the GOS's ability to identify, apprehend, and prosecute narcotics traffickers. Narcotics-related money laundering is closely linked to transnational criminal transshipment of cocaine. Domestic drug trafficking organizations and organized crime are thought to control much of the money laundering proceeds. Past INL programs, implemented in cooperation with the DEA, have been critical to GOS success in targeting large trafficking rings.
Program Accomplishments
In 2008, the GOS seized 228.1 kilograms (kg) of cocaine, 123 kg of cannabis, 785 ecstasy (MDMA) tablets and 3,346.4 grams of heroin. While 2008 seizures were on par with previous year, the GOS Ministry of Justice and Police and law enforcement institutions' 334 FY 2010 INL Program and Budget Guide continued targeting large trafficking rings, (with direct links to South American and European rings), and its expanding cooperation with regional and international partners could yield improved results. USG law enforcement intelligence shows that traffickers have changed their routes and methods of operations in response to GOS efforts. The drug trafficking organizations have moved their landing strips further into the interior and changed trafficking tactics, such as using one landing strip for a very short period of time and then moving to another strip. In 2008, a total of 582 people were arrested for drug-related offenses.
FY 2010 Program
Counternarcotics/Interdiction
FY 2010 funding will help strengthen the counternarcotics capabilities of Suriname's police and customs agencies by providing training and limited non-lethal equipment to the Airport Narcotics Unit and to a DEA-led vetted unit targeting drug trafficking. USG funds will also be used to bring U.S.-based experts to Suriname to conduct training and support Surinamese government officials' attendance at USG-hosted regional workshops and training sessions in order to enhance regional cooperation on transnational crime. Funds will also be used to send selected law enforcement officers to training in the U.S. and the region, including training in undercover operations, surveillance, and border interdiction, as well as provide law enforcement with technical investigative equipment.
This project will enable GOS officials to participate in regional training sessions (or programs) in order to enhance interdiction cooperation with U.S. law enforcement and other law enforcement entities in the region.
Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010
Country: Peru
Program Objectives and Performance Indicators
Assist the Government of Peru (GOP) to institutionalize policy-making and coordination and take over management of certain counternarcotics programs. Indicators include:
- The maintenance and operation of Peruvian National Police (PNP) air wing is performed by Peruvian nationals, with an USG contractor providing oversight on maintenance, training, and operation of equipment and helicopters.
Improve coordination and capabilities of Peruvian agencies involved in counternarcotics law enforcement to more effectively act against illicit drug trafficking:
- Graduate 900 new counternarcotics police annually to expand the presence and capability of the Peruvian national counternarcotics anti-drug police (DIRANDRO) for enforcement and security tied to counter narcotics efforts.
- Maintain a comprehensive maritime and port interdiction program to diminish substantially the exploitation of Peru's northern ports by drug traffickers through an increase of seizures and inclusion of the National Cargo Manifest Review Unit.
- Establish and employ reciprocal maritime operational procedures with the USG to expedite communications and decisive interdiction action between USG and GOP maritime operations centers.
Program Justification
Peru is the second largest cocaine producing country in the world and a major exporter of cocaine and cocaine base to markets in South America, Mexico, the United States, and Europe. USG financial support for the GOP's 2007-2011 National Strategy against Drug Trafficking supports Peru's democracy and economic growth and is a key U.S. national interest. Given its strategic ""swing-state"" position, as an essential player in preserving peace and security in the Andean region, Peru's success has a clear positive multiplier effect throughout the region.
The transnational nature of the narcotics-trafficking threat, along with the challenge of mounting a coordinated response in the Andean region, combined with a lack of state presence in remote areas with significant coca cultivation underscore the challenge. In this context, incrementally expanding coca cultivation after a decade of sharp declines, the rising incidence of narcotics-related violence including from remnants of the Sendero Luminoso (SL; Shining Path) terrorist group, and evidence that Mexican trafficking groups are increasingly involved in Peru's cocaine trade all highlight the need for continued U.S. counternarcotics assistance.
Program Accomplishments
Peru's National Drug Plan for 2007-2011 emphasizes the nexus between interdiction, eradication, alternative development, and prevention. An area of the Huallaga Valley historically notorious for drugs and the SL insurgency is now being referred to in media reports as ""The Tocache Miracle"" or ""The San Martin Success Story."" A recent analysis by the Institute for International Studies of Catholic University in Peru (IDEI) of the economy of the region around San Martin confirms that a substantial diminution of coca production reduced coca's impact to the regional economy from a high of 17.4 percent in 1992, to 1.9 percent in 2006, and by 2008, to an ""insignificant"" level. This decrease can be directly linked to the success of eradication programs working in tandem with alternative development where aid and assistance following eradication included infrastructure improvements for roads, potable water supply, and schools, and the introduction of crops such as African Palm Oil, cacao, coffee, bananas; offering viable and legal alternatives for farmers.
In 2008 U.S. assistance supported the GOP's efforts to disrupt production and transshipment of cocaine via operations on land, sea, and air; seizing 28 metric tons (MT) of cocaine. Manual eradication of 10,143 hectares of coca helped tamp down the impact of illicit coca cultivation. With the support of U.S. backed initiatives, the GOP investigated and dismantled major drug trafficking organizations, and shut down drug-processing sites in coca-growing areas. The Peruvian National Police (PNP) Directorate of Antinarcotics Agency -- DIRANDRO destroyed 1,225 cocaine-production laboratories, including 19 cocaine HCl and 1,206 base laboratories; and 2,119 MT of dry and macerated coca leaf.
Police capacity east of the Andes continued to expand with 935 new police officers making 3-year commitments to serve in counternarcotics units such that approximately 2,000 anti- drug police were operating in coca source zones by the end of the year.
Backed by U.S. program support, Peruvian agencies involved in maritime and airport counter-drug enforcement accounted for seizures nationwide of approximately 13 metric tons of cocaine and Peruvian Customs (SUNAT) personnel examined an average of 9,500 containers per month nationwide, compared to 3-4 per month less than two years ago. USG- provided training in non-intrusive inspection (NII) technology enabled SUNAT to inspect more than 116,000 export seagoing containers in 2008. Use of NII technology expanded to the southern frontier city of Tacna, with the deployment of a Body Scanner for screening suspect ""mules"" crossing into Chile. Additionally SUNAT concentrated efforts to interdict illicit money transported through the international airport and domestic flights, resulting in the seizure of nearly one million dollars.
FY 2010 Program
Eradication
Eradication is a resource-intensive objective as it requires high operational costs taking teams to remote coca growing areas for labor-intensive manual eradication protected by a significant security presence to counter lethal threats from narcotics traffickers and producers.
Coca and Opium Poppy Eradication: In FY 2010, coca eradication efforts will continue in the Upper Huallaga Valley (UHV) with the intent to initiate similar operations in the Monzon as the activities move to the southern Huallaga Valley. Additionally, eradication operations anticipate entering several difficult areas such as Polvora-Pizana and northern Huanuco. This activity will support creation of a coca free corridor that will extend from Northern San Martin, through the Upper Huallaga Valley and northern Huanuco along the Fernando 329 Western Hemisphere
Belaunde Terry Highway. This corridor will, in turn, connect with the Federico Basadre Highway through Aguaytia leading to Pucallpa. The USG will provide operational support for the labor intensive manual eradication program, including transport, food, salary supplements, field gear and tools, tents, first aid, and training for the eradicators.
Crop Research & Extension (ICT): A joint USG-Organization of American States Anti-Drug Office (OAS/CICAD) Alternative Crop Research and Extension (ICT) project provides a research arm for Embassy Lima's Narcotics Affairs Section (NAS). This project will continue to help refine the Embassy Lima Cocaine Production Averted Formula, assist in determining the best methodology to measure coca plant density, perform field research into coffee and cacao diseases with a focus on finding ways to increase production yields, and disseminate practical research results to farmers practicing alternative development throughout the region. ICT is crucial to the efforts to expand the eradication program into the Monzon. ICT will continue its efforts to implement a five-year strategic plan containing a strong marketing component with a goal of self-sufficiency for ICT by the end of calendar year 2010.
Aviation Support (eradication): Aviation support for eradication funds provides operating and maintenance costs for the National Police Aviation Division (DIRAVPOL) which includes airlift for eradication, and logistical support for the Coca Monitoring and Reduction Agency (CORAH). Funding supports pilots, aircrews, and support personnel for 23 USG- owned Huey II helicopters, four fixed-wing aircraft (including two C-26s which are used for counternarcotics missions), and limited operational support for Peruvian MI-17 helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft -- all of which support the coca eradication and security forces working east of the Andes. Funding also supports fuel, maintenance, hangars and warehousing, aircraft rental when needed, and operational support for DIRAVPOL personnel.
Crop Monitoring and Research: A branch of the GOP's CORAH called the Corps for Assistance to Alternative Development (CADA) monitors and maps coca and poppy cultivation and provides a means to verify the extent of coca eradication within communities, which is also a critical condition for continued alternative development success. In FY 2010, INL will provide technical support to CADA for the development of a business plan to market CADA services so it can become self sustaining. Demand for CADA expertise has been high, and information is shared with the USG, GOP, and international organizations to guide counternarcotics efforts. CADA is collaborating with the police, the UN and GOP to develop a methodology to detect and map opium poppy capable of overcoming terrain and weather obstacles. USG funding will provide maps, salary supplements, per diem, travel costs, vehicles, and training.
Interdiction
Law Enforcement Support: FY 2010 funding will provide operational support such as vehicles, radios, field gear for interdiction deployments, security for eradication operations, as well as training and field exercises to enhance the capabilities of the Peruvian National Police Narcotics Directorate (DIRANDRO). The goal is to drive down coca leaf prices by disrupting the market as well as to interdict drugs and chemicals. Support for enhanced law enforcement efforts in the Eastern Andes will include some minor renovations and refurbishment of existing infrastructure to house graduating officers from the U.S. supported Basic Police Academies. Support for pre-academies includes teacher's salaries, textbooks, uniforms, computers, updated communications equipment, field gear, emergency/safety reaction gear, travel costs, communications support, to the drug detector canine unit, as well as to the special operations and eradication security forces.
Port Security: Peru has achieved significant success in detecting drug shipments in Pacific ports and the Lima airport. This program will continue to improve the Government of Peru's capacity to examine cargo and passengers through facilities improvements, equipment acquisitions, training, operational planning and execution. Emphasis will be placed on the renovation and development of additional Manifest Review Units (MRUs) based on the U.S.- sponsored model MRU, which has been established at Callao, Peru's largest seaport.
Peruvian Customs: The Peruvian Customs Service inspects arriving and departing passengers and cargo at Lima's air and maritime terminals, at other air and maritime ports of entry, and at land border checkpoints. The Customs Service's drug enforcement section is responsible for narcotics interdiction at national airports and seaports. FY 2010 support includes procurement of computers and ion scan machines that will enable this section, in concert with DIRANDRO, to bolster inspection and enforcement operations at the country's principal airport and seaport, as well as at other smaller installations.
Aviation Support (interdiction): Aviation support for narcotics law enforcement provides operating and maintenance costs for the National Police Aviation Division (DIRAVPOL), which is responsible for airlift for interdiction, and logistical support to counternarcotics. This program supports pilots, aircrews, and support personnel for 23 USG-owned UH-2 helicopters, four fixed-wing aircraft (including two C-26s which are used for counternarcotics missions), and limited operational support for Peruvian MI-17 helicopters, and fixed-wing aircraft -- all of which support coca eradication and other law enforcement activities east of the Andes. Funding also supports fuel, maintenance, hangars, warehousing, aircraft rental when needed, and operational support for DIRAVPOL personnel.
Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010
Country: Paraguay
Program Objectives and Performance Indicators
Enable the Government of Paraguay (GOP) to strengthen its technical and operational ability to interdict narcotics, conduct complex criminal investigations, and arrest traffickers.
- Increased quantity of cocaine seized; increased presence of Paraguay's anti- narcotics secretariat (SENAD) in areas where it previously had little or no presence; expanded SENAD operations.
Program Justification
Paraguay is a major transit country for Andean cocaine shipped to Argentina and Brazil for transshipment to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the United States. Paraguay is attractive to international narcotics traffickers due to its strategic position between Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentina and the lack of law enforcement presence in much of Paraguay's national territory. Although SENAD enjoys solid support from the highest levels of the GOP and the Paraguayan public, its operational effectiveness is hampered by the GOP's limited financial resources.
Drug production has increased significantly in neighboring Bolivia, and is likely to affect the amount of cocaine transiting Paraguay. When DEA was forced to depart Bolivia in November 2008, Paraguay was one of the countries than received additional DEA personnel. This will enable Paraguay to enhance its counternarcotics operations. Increased USG assistance will be critical for SENAD to be able to expand its efforts in response to these challenges.
Program Accomplishments
In 2008, SENAD seized 277 kilograms (kg) of cocaine, a record 172 metric tons (MT) of marijuana and 127.36 kg of ephedrine. SENAD also arrested 419 drug traffickers, including members of the Brazilian ""Comando Vermelho"" organization. The Paraguayan Congress passed an improved version of the penal code which will go into effect in July 2009. The new code makes money laundering an ""autonomous"" crime (one in which no predicate offense conviction is required), punishable by a prison term of up to ten years. It also improves Paraguay's legislative framework for intellectual property and trafficking in persons' violations.
FY 2010 Program
Interdiction
SENAD Equipment and Commodities Assistance: This project enhances SENAD's ability to conduct counternarcotics enforcement activities by providing training, equipment and technical assistance for SENAD agents. FY 2010 funds will be used to train SENAD agents in investigative methods, provide computers, software, surveillance and communications equipment, and purchase uniforms, GPS units, and bullet-proof vests. It will also be used to complete renovations of SENAD's headquarters and to upgrade SENAD's drug analysis laboratory equipment.
SENAD Operational Support: This project provides funding to support SENAD investigations of major narcotics traffickers. Funds will also be used to provide operational expenses, such as equipment and travel costs, as well as support costs for vetting of investigators and prosecutors from the Public Ministry.
Narcotics Detection Canine Program: Support will enhance the GOP's narcotics enforcement activities through the use of narcotics detection canines, which directly supports SENAD drug inspections and interdiction operations. FY 2010 funding will be used to purchase and train several additional dogs, as well as to relocate the dog kennel for the unit due to renovations at Asuncion's international airport.
Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010
Country: Panama
Program Objectives and Performance Indicators Enhance Panama's interdiction capability to disrupt the regional flow of illicit drugs, chemicals, weapons, and people by improving its law enforcement infrastructure and control of its borders and international ports of entry and exit.
- Assistance to increase operational readiness of the Panamanian National Police (PNP), the K-9 unit, airport groups, and special operations units within the Directorate of Information and Intelligence will result in improved capacity to identify major trafficking organizations, exploit their vulnerabilities and seize their assets.
- Strengthening GOP coastal/ interdiction capabilities with better inter-agency communications and augmenting anti-terrorism capability for specialized units will result in greater territorial integrity, especially with regard to incursions by the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarieas de Colombia (FARC) and other criminal organizations.
Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010
Country: Mexico
FY 2010 Program The FY 2010 program activity seeks to balance short-term operational objectives (which can yield immediate results in the form of improved seizures of illicit drugs and disruption in arms trafficking and bulk currency smuggling) with long-term institutional development (which will strengthen the GOM?s institutional capacity to fight DTOs and provide for a political-economic system based on rule of law). The Calderon Administration has amply demonstrated a strong commitment to attack the cartels and their illicit trafficking in arms, drugs, precursors and persons. It is also undertaking a fundamental restructuring of the Mexican justice system and its law enforcement institutions which will improve the access by its citizenry to rule of law. Its law enforcement agencies have provided an unprecedented level of cooperation. These initiatives will not quash the threat of narcotics trafficking overnight, and for many years to come Mexico will continue to require extensive U.S. support to confront the mutual threat we both face from the cartels. Government?s Capabilities Arms Trafficking: FY 2010 funds will support efforts to curb illicit arms trafficking, which contributes to sky-rocketing narcotics-related crime in Mexico. By enacting strong border controls, destroying stockpiles, dismantling trafficking networks, and sharing weapons tracing information, the U.S. and Mexico can work together to reduce the supply of weapons arming the drug trafficking organizations. The United States will examine more southbound traffic in order to deter arms trafficking and bulk cash smuggling, Mexico in turn is examining more of what is coming into the country from the United States. Mexico has begun a pilot project to examine all southbound traffic through an automated inspection process. The system weighs the vehicle, scans the license plate, and runs the collected data through various databases and risk analysis tools, and Mexican canine units will inspect each vehicle as they wait in line to go through the system. FY 2010 funds will support the development of the GOM's institutional capacity to detect and interdict illicit drugs, explosives and weapons, trafficked/smuggled persons and individuals seeking to enter the United States to conduct terrorist activities. The support will focus principally on two sets of activities: the provision of informatics to raise the technological underpinnings of the GOM?s law enforcement establishment; and, the provision of training and equipment (for example, additional non-intrusive inspection equipment that will reinforce the impact of previous investments, which is outside the scope of Me_rida Initiative purchases and addresses the changing profile of the threat) to support the further enhancement and security of Mexico?s law enforcement personnel, who daily risk their lives to protect their country. Counternarcotics Interdiction: FY 2010 funds will provide assistance to the GOM's effort to disrupt international crime and narcotics trafficking, by improving its overall law enforcement infrastructure. For example, the provision of information technology (IT) equipment that complements GOM-developed software will enable it to establish the new Unified Crime Information System (SUIC). It will also work with DHS/CBP to assess security and recommend enhancements in Mexico's largest maritime ports. INL will procure additional protective, detection and testing equipment to assist the GOM in combating the production and trafficking of methamphetamines. INL will provide equipment and specially trained canines for responding to drug-related crimes involving drugs, bulk cash, firearms and explosives. In addition, mobile non-intrusive inspection equipment will be provided to the Mexican military and Customs services for use at interior checkpoints, and training will be provided to canine handler teams. In FY 2010 INL will support the development of the GOM's institutional capacity to detect and interdict inter alia illicit drugs, explosives and weapons, trafficked/smuggled persons and individuals seeking to enter the United States to conduct terrorist activities. The support will focus principally on two sets of activities: the provision of informatics to raise the technological underpinnings of the GOM?s law enforcement establishment; and, the provision of training and equipment (for example, additional non-intrusive inspection equipment that will reinforce the impact of previous investments, and which is outside the scope of Me_rida Initiative purchases and addresses the changing profile of the threat) to support the further enhancement and security of Mexico?s law enforcement personnel, who daily risk their lives to protect their country. INL will assist the GOM's effort to disrupt international crime and narcotics trafficking in FY 2010 by improving its overall law enforcement infrastructure. INL will procure additional protective, detection and testing equipment to assist the GOM in combating the production and trafficking of methamphetamines. INL will provide equipment and specially trained canines for responding to drug-related crimes involving drugs, bulk cash, firearms and explosives. The Merida Initiative calls for funding to the Mexican Navy (SEMAR) for two surveillance planes (CASA CN-235-300) with a full logistics/spare parts/training package, and outfitted with a sensor array similar to that used by the U.S. Coast Guard. In addition, mobile non- intrusive inspection equipment will be provided to the Mexican military and Customs services for use at interior checkpoints, and training will be provided to canine/handler teams. Similar support will be provided to the newly restructured federal police force (SSP), including three UH-60 medium-lift utility helicopters to create a rapid-response counternarcotics capability; three Cessna Caravan light surveillance and utility aircraft; and non-intrusive inspective equipment and training for additional canine/handler teams. FY 2010 funds will support the National Council against Addictions (CONADIC) in the Secretariat of Health to promote drug awareness, demand reduction and rehabilitation. INL will assist CONADIC in providing computer hardware for a distance learning platform for the entire country to facilitate training and technical assistance on drug prevention and treatment. INL will also support CONADIC?s efforts to establish a national-level counselor certification system in order to improve the delivery of drug treatment services and create Drug Free Community Coalitions to increase citizen participation in reducing drug use among youth. Funding will also support an independent evaluation of the drug treatment/certification project in order to assess training effects and long-range outcomes such as decreased drug use and reductions in criminal activity. Good Governance Anti-Corruption Reform: INL support will also help the Caldero_n Administration identify and root out corruption in the federal bureaucracy, but with a special focus on law enforcement agencies. INL support will include, inter alia, computer and polygraph equipment, training and technical support in such areas as ethics, anti-corruption and internal affairs for the PGR, SSP and SFP. Training will often be provided by U.S. LEA personnel. The Merida Initiative calls for augmenting existing programs, with programs promoting anticorruption, transparency, judicial reform and human rights, including funding for civil society human rights NGOs which support justice reforms, support for bar associations and law schools involved in reform efforts, and human rights training for police, prosecutors and corrections officers. INL will provide training to GOM officials to practice accountable and effective management of the GOM legal structure. GOM legal sector management and accountability have become critical elements in determining the over-all good governance ? the effectiveness, efficiency, and ability of governments to ensure proper prosecutorial and sustainable legal architecture. FY 2010 funds will support effort in:
- recognizing that minimizing corruption is critical to reduce poverty and promote social and people-centered sustainable development;
- emphasizing long-term systematic legal changes and the human dimensions of development, coupled with its impartiality, underscoring its unique contribution in promoting good governance, public accountability and transparency; and
- providing IT equipment, software and ?current? continuing education and training in overall good governance and anti-corruption reform.
Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010
Country: Mexico
Program Objectives and Performance Indicators
Border and Port Security
Strengthen Mexico's ability to control its borders, ports of entry, and choke points within its national transportation system through the detection and interdiction of illicit narcotics, contraband (including explosives and weapons), trafficked/smuggled persons and individuals seeking to enter the United States to conduct terrorist activities.
- More effective and rapid screening of cargo and vehicles (cars, trucks, trains) for contraband, illicit drugs and smuggled aliens; reduced delays of legitimate traffic moving north towards our common border.
Arms Trafficking
Define and implement a comprehensive strategy aimed at disrupting the traffic of arms to Mexico emphasizing preventive initiatives on both sides of the border and effective controls on the sale of weapons.
- Fewer weapons cross U.S. borders and programs established to trace and disrupt the trafficking to Mexico of high-powered, military grade weaponry.
- New programs to share tracing capabilities with the appropriate Mexican authorities are devised and implemented.
- Efforts to close trafficking corridors are underway.
- Expanded actionable, real-time intelligence cooperation.
- Prosecutions, interdictions and arrests of individuals seeking to move firearms across the border are aggressively pursued.
Interdiction
Enhance Mexico's capabilities to target the disruption of the command and control of Mexico’s drug trafficking organizations (DTOs). Expand the capacity of Mexican law enforcement agencies (LEAs) to interdict trafficked narcotics and precursors and the illicit proceeds that derive from them. Help Mexican authorities to develop their own means to handle HAZMAT associated with methamphetamine labs.
- Increased in the volume of seized drugs and precursor chemicals, in the number of methamphetamine labs discovered and destroyed, in the amount of bulk cash seizures and in the number of trafficking-related arrests.
Establish interconnectivity between the respective command and control centers of Mexico's LEAs, to maximize coordination of joint operations and investigations.
- Improved information exchange between operations center in order to develop more effective investigations and prosecutions.
- Strengthened intelligence efforts against criminal organizations.
Institution Building
- Promote the professionalization and modernization of Mexico's law enforcement institutions and criminal justice sectors with a full range of training (courses for new recruits, specialized investigative & technical training, and management training) and support the development of federal police institutions and infrastructure.
- Improved Government of Mexico (GOM) capacity to conduct credible investigations based on forensic evidence to successfully prosecute criminal organizations.
- Improved efficiency and effectiveness of criminal justice systems in the region to conduct credible investigations and successfully prosecute criminal organizations.
- Rule of law and protection of human rights are enhanced through specialized investigative, technical, and management training.
Provide the GOM with means to build upon foundation laid in its creation of a Unified System of Crime Reporting (linking all police and prosecutors across entire country), of by enhancing OASISS project, and expanding its "digitalization" of cases within Office of the Attorney General (PGR)
- Improved GOM capacity to apply advanced digital technologies to share, analyze and otherwise utilize and apply a variety of data, including crime reporting information.
Program Justification
The Calderon Administration has amply demonstrated the strongest commitment to attack the criminal organizations and their illicit trafficking in arms, drugs, precursors and persons. It is also undertaking a fundamental restructuring of the Mexican justice system and its law enforcement institutions and to improve the access by its citizenry to rule of law. Its law enforcement agencies (LEAs) have provided an unprecedented level of cooperation. Mexico itself is gravely concerned about the production, trade and consumption of methamphetamines within its territory and USG support will help enable Mexico to attack its production and trafficking, as well as to educate the public of the inherent threat.
Mexico has made significant advances in meeting its long-term law enforcement goals. The Calderon Administration is transforming its judicial system to provide for oral trials under an accusatorial system, as well as to restructure the entire federal police force to make it more efficient and responsive to the needs of preserving public security. INL support is needed to help Mexico accomplish these truly historic goals.
Program Accomplishments
President Calderon launched aggressive operations across Mexico to reassert control over areas that had fallen under the virtual dominion of drug cartels. Mexican authorities extradited a record 95 fugitives to the United States in 2008, including the leader of the Gulf Cartel. Among the many important successes registered by law enforcement authorities was the seizure of over 18 metric tons of cocaine, 921 metric tons of marijuana, a record-breaking seizure of weapons believed to belong to the Gulf Cartel, and the arrest of several major cartels figures.
INL's prior support has helped Mexico harden its northern border (and protect the U.S. south- west border) against trafficking in narcotics, bulk cash, arms and other contraband through improvements in its physical inspection infrastructure using non-intrusive inspection equipment (NIIE). SENTRI (Secure Electronic Network for Travelers’ Rapid Inspection) traffic lanes at six major border crossings were also constructed to expedite the crossing of pre-cleared, low-risk commuters, allowing authorities to concentrate more inspection resources on high-risk travelers.
Every year Mexico expends significant resources on its own interdiction and eradication efforts. Annually the GOM destroys thousands of hectares of illicit poppy and marijuana cultivation, seizes tons of illicit drugs (heroin, cocaine, methamphetamines, synthetics and marijuana), intercepts millions of dollars of criminal proceeds, arrests and prosecutes thousands of criminals and extradites record numbers of criminals. The total number of weapons seized during the Calderon administration includes 30,231 weapons (16,401 of which were assault weapons), more than 3.5 million rounds of ammunition, and 2,196 grenades.
Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010
Country: Jamaica
Program Objectives and Performance Indicators Enhance the abilities of Jamaica?s law enforcement agencies to detect and intercept shipments and detain traffickers.
- Increased interdiction activities, arrests of drug traffickers and ability to dismantle major trafficking organizations.
- Jamaica is able to participate in regional drug interdiction exercises, to promote counternarcotics cooperation in the Caribbean.
- Reform recommendations of the Ministry of National Security?s Strategic Review of the Jamaica Constabulary Force are implemented, including the ability to dismiss and prosecute corrupt police officers regardless of rank and vetting of both current officers and new recruits
- Jamaica is able to undertake thorough investigations into allegations of police corruption, regardless of rank, and creates a special prosecutor for public corruption cases.
International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement:
Program DescriptionWithin the Department of State, the Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) designs and carries out international counternarcotics policy and programs, while advising and coordinating other U.S. agencies' overseas anti-drug activities. INL provides aid and training to the governments and security forces of countries in which drugs are produced or transported.
INL's program combines economic and security assistance, aiding civilian and military agencies with counternarcotics responsibilities. Types of aid include training, technical assistance, equipment and arms transfers, development assistance (particularly "alternative development" aid to encourage cultivation of legal crops), and aid to administration of justice and domestic drug demand-reduction programs. State Department INL officials themselves may manage assistance programs, or INL funds may be transferred to other government agencies like US Agency for International Development or the Drug Enforcement Administration.
INL's budget saw an enormous increase in the late 1990s and early 2000s, when funding for Latin America roughly tripled after Congress approved the "Plan Colombia" aid package. Since 2000, funding has continued at this higher level.
Since 2002, INL aid to Colombia and six of its neighbors (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela), has been presented to Congress as a separate account called the "Andean Counterdrug Initiative" or ACI. Though this aid is separated out for presentation purposes, the ACI is identical to other INL aid in both its nature and its administration.
An Interregional Aviation program, managed by INL, uses U.S.-owned aircraft, and contractor or host-country pilots, to perform aerial counter-drug reconnaissance and crop eradication. This program focuses on Colombia, Bolivia and Peru.
INL's Anti-Crime program provides law enforcement training and technical assistance to about 150 countries worldwide. These programs are often carried out by other agencies such as Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the U.S. Customs Service, and the U.S. Coast Guard.
INL works with international organizations as well. It is the largest contributor to the Organization of American States Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) and supports the implementation of the Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM).
The 2006 INL budget justification also addressed INL's role in counterterrorism efforts, explaining that "to deal with the increasing linkage and overlap among drug, crime, and terrorist groups, INL has begun shifting from separate programs for counternarcotics and anticrime to a broader and more integrated law enforcement effort to combat the full range of criminal, drug, and terrorist threats."
International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement:
LawThe INC program is authorized by section 481 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (P.L. 87-195, or the "FAA"), as amended. Section 481 authorizes the President "to furnish assistance to any country or international organization, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for the control of narcotic and psychotropic drugs and other controlled substances, or for other anticrime purposes." The law makes the Secretary of State responsible for coordinating this assistance.
Limitations
Like all security assistance programs funded through the Foreign Operations appropriation, INC is subject to the human rights restrictions found in the Leahy Law.
Reports
The laws which authorize the INC program require regular reporting to Congress about its activities. The most extensive of these reports is the International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR) required by section 489 of the Foreign Assistance Act. The INCSR discusses certification decisions, narcotics activity, and U.S. programs in each drug source or transit country. It must be submitted every March 1 to the Speaker of the House and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
Notification
The Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) also requires that Congress be notified if certain actions are taken within the INC program.
According to section 482(b) of the FAA, INC can only supply weapons or ammunition if they are to be used:
- For the defensive arming of aircraft that are used for counternarcotics purposes; or
- For defensive purposes by State Department employees or contract personnel engaged in counternarcotics activities.
These transfers cannot take place until fifteen days after the President notifies the House and Senate Appropriations Committees, the House International Relations Committee, and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
Section 484(a) of the FAA specifies that aircraft provided to foreign countries through the INC program must be either leased or loaned. The President may grant aircraft through INC, however, by determining that a lease or loan would be "contrary to the national interest of the United States."
The aircraft cannot be transferred until fifteen days after the President notifies the same congressional committees.
According to section 488 of the FAA, INC funds cannot be obligated for construction until fifteen days after the President notifies the congressional committees.
Grant Aid Table Sources:
- International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Bahamas 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Bolivia 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Brazil 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Colombia 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Ecuador 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Guatemala 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Haiti 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Jamaica 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Mexico 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Panama 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Peru 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Western Hemisphere Regional 2006; - United States, Department of State, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, FY 2008 Program and Budget Guide (Washington: U.S. Department of State, September 2007) (Link to source).
- International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Bahamas 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Bolivia 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Brazil 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Colombia 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Ecuador 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Haiti 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Jamaica 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Mexico 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Panama 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Peru 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Venezuela 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Western Hemisphere Regional 2007; - United States, Department of State, FY 2009 International Affairs (Function 150) Budget Request--Summary and Highlights (Washington: Department of State: February 4, 2008) (Link to source).
- International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Guatemala 2007; - United States, Department of State, FY 2009 International Affairs (Function 150) Budget Request--Summary and Highlights (Washington: Department of State: February 4, 2008) (Link to source). United States, Department of State, Memorandum of Justification under Section 451 of the Foreign Assistance Act for the Use of Funds or Counterdrug and Law Enforcement Programs in Central America (Washington: Department of State, September 28, 2007) (Link to source).
- International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Central America Regional 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Honduras 2007; - United States, Department of State, Memorandum of Justification under Section 451 of the Foreign Assistance Act for the Use of Funds or Counterdrug and Law Enforcement Programs in Central America (Washington: Department of State, September 28, 2007) (Link to source).
- International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Argentina 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Bahamas 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Bolivia 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Brazil 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Chile 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Colombia 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Dominican Republic 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Eastern Caribbean Regional 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Ecuador 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement El Salvador 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Guatemala 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Haiti 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Honduras 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Jamaica 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Mexico 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Panama 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Paraguay 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Peru 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Trinidad and Tobago 2008; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Western Hemisphere Regional 2008; - United States, Department of State, Bureau of International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Affairs, Program and Budget Guide 2010 (Washington: Department of State). (International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Colombia 2009; - United States, Department of State, Bureau of International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Affairs, Program and Budget Guide 2010 (Washington: Department of State) (Link to source).
- International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Colombia 2010; - U.S. Congress, Conference Report 111-366 for H.R. 3288, Omnibus Appropriations Bill for Fiscal Year 2010, December 8, 2009 [See pages 1500 and 1501 of the PDF file] (Link to source).
- International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Bahamas 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Brazil 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Dominican Republic 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Haiti 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Mexico 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Panama 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Paraguay 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Trinidad and Tobago 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Venezuela 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Brazil 2010; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Haiti 2010; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Mexico 2010; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Brazil 2011; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Caribbean Basin Security Initiative 2011; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Haiti 2011; - United States, Department of State, Executive Budget Summary: Function 150 and Other International Programs, Fiscal Year 2011 (Washington: Department of State, February 1, 2010) (Link to source).
- International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Argentina 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Bolivia 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Eastern Caribbean 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Ecuador 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Guatemala 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Jamaica 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Peru 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Western Hemisphere Regional 2009; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Argentina 2010; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Bolivia 2010; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Dominican Republic 2010; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Ecuador 2010; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Guatemala 2010; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Paraguay 2010; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Peru 2010; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Western Hemisphere Regional 2010; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Argentina 2011; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Bolivia 2011; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Colombia 2011; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Ecuador 2011; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Mexico 2011; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Paraguay 2011; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Peru 2011; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Western Hemisphere Regional 2011; - United States, Department of State, Executive Budget Summary: Function 150 and Other International Programs, Fiscal Year 2011 (Washington: Department of State, February 1, 2010) (Link to source). Military aid estimate prorated by consulting INCLE economic to military aid ratio presented in United States, Department of State, Bureau of International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Affairs, Program and Budget Guide 2010 (Washington: Department of State) (Link to source).
Economic Aid Table Sources:
- International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement ; -
Trainees Table Sources:
- International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Antigua and Barbuda 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Colombia 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Dominica 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Ecuador 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Mexico 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Panama 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Peru 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement St. Kitts and Nevis 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement St. Lucia 2006; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2006; - United States, Department of Defense, Department of State, Foreign Military Training and DoD Engagement Activities of Interest in Fiscal Years 2006 and 2007: A Report to Congress (Washington: August 2007) (Link to source).
- International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Bolivia 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Colombia 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Ecuador 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Mexico 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Panama 2007; International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Peru 2007; - United States, Department of Defense, Department of State, Foreign Military Training and DoD Engagement Activities of Interest in Fiscal Years 2007 and 2008 (Washington: January 2008) (Link to source).
Sales Table Sources:
- International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement ; -
Deployments Table Sources:
- International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement ; -
