Excerpts From Official Descriptions of Aid

	Excerpts From Official Descriptions of Aid to Ecuador The U.S. Department of State 2008 2008 End-Use Monitoring Report says this about International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement aid to Ecuador: "QUITO Background EUM Program Coodinator NAS Director, John Haynes, Tel. 593-2 9205-2601, haynesjd@state.gov Staff Member Responsibilities The NAS Deputy Director supervises the implementation and planning of the End Use Monitoring and resolves problems that might arise during the inventory. The POC for post's Military Group is MSGT Roberto Caceres, Logistics NCO. Inventory System NAS Ecuador uses two types of databases to record and track the distribution of all resources provided to host government agencies and to maintain and retrieve End Use Monitoring information. The NAS Inventory Assistant uses an Access database on a laptop computer to monitor all of NAS's donated resources. The NAS Mobility Assistant uses an Excel database to monitor NAS' donated vehicles. The MILGP maintains an Excel data base to record all military deliveries. The database includes information such as description, location, recipient, and condition of donated items. Deliveries to Ecuadorian Military Units are recorded on hand receipts signed by/for the unit commanders. The MILGP monitors all of these items annually and records updates to the items by location, use and condition of equipment. Staff Member Responsibilities The NAS Deputy Director coordinates all of the activities regarding End Use Monitoring. He works closely with the NAS FSN-10 Program Specialist, Monica Vilacreces, who assists in the coordination of EUM activities. She assists with the implementation and direction of the monitoring and works closely with the FSN-8 Mobility Assistant, Galo Defaz, who conducts the mobility inventory, FSN Project /Engineering, Mario Narvaez, who provides the inventory of the facilities, and FSN Inventory Assistant, Nelson Estrella, who conducts the physical, on-site inventory verifications. Other USG Agency Assistance The USMILGP conducts regular reviews and monitoring of NAS-donated resources to their military counterparts. Counterpart Agencies Ecuadorian Anti-Drug National Police (ENP-DNA) Sensitive Investigative Unit (SIU) Anti-Smuggling Unit (Migration Control, formerly COAC) Ecuadorian Military (ECUMIL) Ecuadatorian Judicial Police (JPA) Receipt The issuing of NAS donated resources is done through a receiving and inspection report. The receiving agency inspects the items and takes receipt of them by signing the receiving and inspection report. A signed memorandum by the NAS and the Ecuadorian counterpart is also used to document some transfers. The MILGP also maintains a separate receipt documenting the transfer of equipment to military units. Monitoring Procedures On-Site Inspections The NAS performed 20 scheduled and 6 unscheduled inspections at 18 locations. The number of donated items personally inspected was 95%. A total of 9,000 items were subject to inspection. Ninety-five percent (95%) of those items were personally inspected. Secondary Methods of Monitoring Resource Status Secondary methods of End Use Monitoring were used for the Anti-Drug National Police (DNA) units (2) located in the Galapagos and Cotopaxi areas. There was insufficient time and opportunity for a physical inspection of NAS resources in these areas this year. The MILGP sends their inventory list to the Ecuadorian Military Joint Command requesting input on the location, use and condition of each item. In addition, the MILGP often has personnel on-site to monitor the equipment donated to the military units. In addition to comparison of records, the MILGP holds permanent discussions on the use, location, and condition of deliveries during formal meetings with the Ecuadorian military units. DNA officials contacted the units in the Galapagos and Cotopaxi areas and compared the existing NAS inventory with their inventory. No discrepancies were noted according to DNA officials. The percentage of commodities monitored by secondary methods was 5%. Status-Commodities Vehicles The NAS Mobility Program had 233 vehicles and 131 motorcycles delivered as endowment to DNA. The Mobility Program is in charge of the expenses of maintenance and fuel for these vehicles. The vehicles are divided between automobiles, pickups, vans, SUVs, trucks. The DNA has different branch offices such as the canine centers, intelligence units, etc. Vehicles are distributed to units depending on the duties of each branch office. All of the vehicles are used for different duties by the Antinarcotics Ecuadorian Police branch agencies. The pickups are used for operations to control drug distribution in each city. Sedans are used in undercover operations. Some are painted like taxis. The canine units use the pickups and trucks in the transportation and logistics of the canines. The NAS Mobility program has 2 backscatter vans. One of the vans is located in the coastal area in the south of the country and the other one along the Northern Border. The fleet is in good condition. Due to a vacancy in the Mobility Assistant position, there was a two-month gap where only emergency maintenance was provided. Due to the arrival of the new Mobility Assistant, the NAS is providing fuel maintenance and fuel services to the NAS donated vehicles. Some vehicles, which are located at towns with poor road conditions, suffered more deterioration than vehicles located in the cities. The NAS Mobility Program has BPAs with maintenance shops, tire vendors, and gas stations in almost all the provinces to maintain the vehicles in good working condition. DNA Quito Nissan Sentra 2 Chevrolet Corsa 2 Evoulution Volkswagon GOL 5 Mitsubishi Montero sport 3 Ford Explorer SUV 1 Ford Ranger 1 Ford F-350 1 Chevrolet LUV pickup 2 Nissan Frontier pickup 11 Chevrolet DMAX pickup 4 Toyota Hilux pickup 6 Nissan Urvan van 1 Toyota Hiace van 1 Chevrolet NPR bus 1 Hyundai country bus 1 International 3800 bus 1 Ford E-350 bus 1 Hino Dutro truck 1 JPA Pichincha Volkswagon GOL 5 Nissan Sentra 1 Skoda Fabia 2 Ford explorer SUV 1 Nissan Frontier pickup 3 Mazsa B2200 pickup 3 Nissan Urvan Van 1 Hyundai county bus 1 Honda XL200 motorcycles 9 Volkswagon GOL CAC Quito 1 Nissan Frontier Pickup 4 Chevrolet Dmax pickup 1 Toyota Hilux pickup 1 Hino Dutro truck 1 Honda Motorcycles 4 UIAP Quito Nissan Sentra 2 Skoda Fabia 2 Chevrolet DMax pickup 1 Honda XL200 motorcycles 5 JPA Guayas Nissan Sentra 4 Volkswagon GOL 4 Chevrolet Dmax pickup 1 Nissan Frontier pickup 4 Mazda B2200 pickup 1 Nissan Urvan van 1 Daihatsu Delta truck 1 Hino Dutro truck 1 Honda XL200 motorcycles 7 Gema Baeza Nissan Frontier Pickup 3 Chevrolet Dmax pickup 1 Toyota Hilux pickup 1 Mazda B2600 pickup 1 Toyota Hiace van 1 Hyundai county bus 1 Hino Dutro truck 1 Honda motorcycle 1 GEMA Y Del Jobo Ford Ranger pickup 1 Nissan Frontier pickup 3 Toyota Hilux pickup 1 Honda motorcycles 2 GEMA San Lorenzo Chevrolet LUV pickup 2 Chevrolet LUV D/Max Pickup 1 Toyota Hilux pickup 1 Honda motorcycles 2 GEMA San Jeronimo Chevrolet LUV pickup 1 Nissan Frontier pickup 2 Toyota Hilux pickup 1 SIPA Guayas Nissan Sentra 2 Chevrolet LUV pickup 2 Nissan Frontier pickup 2 Mazda B2600 pickup 1 Chrolet LUV D/MAX 1 pickup Toyota Hilus pickup 1 Honda XL200 motorcycles 3 JPA Azuay Volkswagon GOL 2 Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Honda motorcycles 3 JPA Carchi Volkswagon GOL 2 Nissan Sentra 2 Ford Ranger Pickup 5 Nissan Frontier pickup 3 Mazda B2600 pickup 1 Toyota Hilux pickup 1 Nissan Urvan van 1 Daihatsu Delta Truck 2 Nissan Frontier pickup 11 Motorcycle CB250 1 Motorcycle XR250 1 Motorcycle XL200 3 UCA Manta Volkswagon GOL 1 Nissan Frontier pickup 2 Toyota Hilus pickup 1 JPA Imbabura Volkswagon GOL 1 Nissan Frontier pickup 2 Honda motorcycles XL200 4 Daytona motorcycles GY200 1 Traxx motorcycle GY150 1 DNA Sedans 44 Pickups 153 SUV 5 trucks 7 Buses 6 Vans 8 Backscatter vans 2 Motorcycles 131 SIU Sedans 17 Pickups 12 SUV 9 Van 1 JPA Tungurahua Volkswagon GOL 1 Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Honda motorcycles XL200 3 JPA Loja Nissan Sentra 1 Volkswagon GOL 1 Nissan Frontier pickup 2 Chevrolet LUV pickup 1 Chevrolet LUV D/Max pickup 1 Honda motorcycles 4 JPA Cotopaxi Skoda Fabia 1 Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Honda motorcycles XL200 4 JPA Esmeraldas Ford Ranger pickup 1 Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Chevrolet LUV D/max 1 Honda motorcycles 3 UCAG Puerto Maritimo Chevrolet LUV pickup 1 Nissan Frontier pickup 3 Mazda B2200 pickup 1 Toyota Hilux pickup 1 Honda motorcycle XL200 4 GEMA Guayaquil Chevrolet LUV pickup 1 Honda motor cycle XR250 1 UCA Puerto Esmeraldas Chevrolet LUV pickup 1 SJPA Santo Domingo Chevrolet LUV pickup 1 Honda motor cycle XL200 1 JPA Cotopaxi Skoda Fabia 1 Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Honda motorcycles XL200 4 SJP Santo Domingo Chevrolet LUV pickup 1 Honda motorcycle XL200 1 JPA El Oro Chevrolet LUV pickup 1 Toyota Hilux pickup 1 Honda motorcycles XL200 3 UCA Machala Honda motorcycle XL1200 3 UCA San Loenzo Nissan Frontier pickup 1 JPA Pastaza Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Honda motorcycle XL200 3 GEMA Tulcan Mazda pickup 1 Toyota Hilux pickup 1 JPA Esmeraldas Mazda pickup 1 SLPA Manta Mazda pickup 1 Honda motorcycle 3 UCA Tulcan Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Toyota Hilus pickup 1 Honda motorcycle 1 JPA Napo Nissan /frontier pickup 1 Honda motorcycle 3 UCA Mascarillas Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Honda motorcycle 1 UCA Santo Domingo Nissan Frontier pickup 1 JPA Galapagos Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Honda motorcycle 2 JPA Santo Domingo Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Honda motorcycle 2 JPA Chimborazo Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Honda motorcycle 3 SIPA Manabi Nissan Frontier pickup 1 UCA El Oro Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Honda motorcycle 3 UCA Cotopaxi Nissan Frontier pickup 1 JPA Santa Elena Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Honda motorcycle 2 JPA Los Rios Nissan /Frontier pickup 1 Honda motorcycle 2 JPA Morona Chevrolet LUV D/MAX 1 pickup Honda motorcycle 2 Giace Chevrolet LUV D/Max 1 pickup JPA Zamora Honda motorcycle 3 UIES Chevrolet Corsa 1 Ford Ranger pickup 1 PJ Quito Nissan Frontier pickup 2 Ford Ranger pickup 1 Ford Exployer SUV 1 Honda motorcycle 1 Aeropolitical Santo Domingo Nissan Frontier pickup 1 Ford Ranger pickup 2 COAC Quito Volkswagon GOL 2 Chevrolet LUV pickup 1 Hyundai Hido 2 Honda motorcycle 4 Miscellaneous Equipment One body scan X-ray machine was donated to the ENP/DNA. It is located at the Guayaquil Airport. One Hazmat ID system was donated to the DEA sponsored Special Investigative Unit. Ten IO scanners were donated to the Ecuadorian Military. Six Identity IRs detectors were donated to the DNA. Forty sets of scuba gear with compressors (2) were donated to the DNA/GEMA. Fifteen CT- 30 Contraband Inspection kits were donated to the DNA. Two chromatographers were donated to the PJ. Nineteen sets of individual equipment (clothing, footwear, eye protection, and police related items and communications accessories) were donated to the COAC. Computer equipment (17 PCs, 4 servers, 17 hard drives, 2 UPS, 6 printers, 1 scanner, 10 CCTV cameras, 4 INFOCUS projectors, 2 security bundles, 2 switches, 2 routers, and miscellaneous software) were donated to the FIU. Living room furniture was donated to the DNA/UCA Quito Airport (2 sofas, one loveseat, and 4 chairs). Fifteen air conditioning systems were donated to the SPA unit in Guayaquil. Canine Program Nineteen (19) canines were bought for both the ENP and the USMILGP. They are located in Quito. They were used for drug detection at different units around the country. Eighty-three (83) NAS donated dogs are in the DNA inventory; nineteen (19) of which are newly acquired. Thirty-eight are in Pichincha; 15 in Guayas; one in San Jeronimo; one in Sucumbíos; six in Imbabura; five in Manta; one in Baeza; four in Tulcan; two in San Lorenzo; one in Esmeraldas; 7 in Machala; two in Ydel Jobo. Vessels Four Boston Whalers were donated to the Ecuadorian Military through the USMILGP. Five Zodiac boats w/engines (2 each) were donated to the ENP/DNA/GEMA. They are located at Y del Jobo/GEMA and used for post operations along the coastal areas. Ecuadorian Military 25-foot Boston Whaler 7 Zodiac Boat 470 10 Jet piranhas 15 Weapons The NAS had previously contributed weapons to the Ecuadorian National Police Anti- Drug Units. There is still a deficiency in weapons and ammunition within the DNA. However, the majority of the police units have a stock of weapons to issue to personnel for use during operations. ENP/DNA Pietro Beretta 43 Sig-Sauer 700 Colt AR-15 1 Status- Services Demand Reduction The USG has made several attempts to provide training and equipment to the GOE in the fight against TIP. Unfortunately, these attempts have been unsuccessful at this time. The GOE is moving forward with setting up a TIP unit that will answer directly to the Ministry of Government. The unit won't have any funding from the GOE until 2010. This new TIP unit would focus on TIP in general; not only on crime news against women and children. DINAPEN is the current GOE law enforcement agency investigating TIP cases as they relate to children and women. Most, if not all, of the training has been provided by IOM. The GOE is moving forward in training prosecutors in TIP. The GOE has sent their top TIP prosecutor to Vienna for training on the fight against TIP. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) signed a grant with the National Council for the Control of Drugs (CONSEP) to integrate drug abuse prevention in urban communities in Manta, Loja, Ambato, Esmeraldas, Ibarra and Santa Cruz. Construction Projects The facilities donated to the Police are used by the Antinarcotics Police Unit for canine units, mobile units, and Special Forces that control the drug's traffic. The remodeled and constructed buildings are used for offices and barracks for the antinarcotics police personnel to live and to have a safe area. The donated buildings are in good condition for their normal operations, except for the following police units that need small improvements at maintenance levels: integrated police check point in San Geronimo, police check point in La Y del Jobo, and Carchi antinarcotics police headquarters in Tulcan. To improve the maintenance, post is developing a maintenance contract for the equipment. Inspections of the following construction projects completed in 2008 were performed: Troops Barracks, dining room and kitchen for CICC DNI Maintenance work for Airport canine unit, Mana Cover of parking area for GEMA group, Baeza Adaptation of kennels for the canine center at Quito airport Remodeling offices and troop barracks for canine unit at port Guayaquil Enlargement of Troop barracks for the canine training center, Quito Metallic Divisions and Ceiling for the DNA warehouse, Quito Roof change from kennels area to the canine center, Quito Construction of fence and cover for kennels at Manta Remodeling facilities of Pichincha headquarters anti-drug police, Quito Removing an installation of new doors for JPAP Improvement of Fiscals office for JPAP, Quito Installation of electrical system for computers at JPAP offices, Quito Remodeling of office for the Judicial Police Adaptation of barracks and construction of kennels for the anti-narcotics police Construction of water tank and installation of one 2 HP pump, Baeza Training rooms for dogs at the canine training center, Quito New water supply for GEMA group in Baeza Diesel tank for generator at San Jeronimo police checkpoint Parking area national police at San Lorenzo Remodeling of kennels for the Canine Training Center, Quito Construction of warehouses for CONSEP Guayaquil Enlargement of GEMA police checkpoint in Baeza Construction of kennels for the Police Canine Unit, San Domingo Remodeling of officers dormitories at the Canine Training Center, Quito Construction of kennels for the canine unit at the airport, Guayaquil Renovation of roof for the DNA headquarters, Quito Remodeling of office and dormitories and the canine unit, Santo Domingo Installation of ceramic tiles and ceiling for instruction room in Cema Baeza Remodeling maintenance workshop for BAL 72, Quito Remodeling workshop for tactical vehicles for Ecuadorian Navy, Esmeraldas Adaptation of a maintenance workshop for tactical vehicles for BI 39 BGalo Molina, Tulcan Adaptation of a maintenance workshop for tactical vehicles of BI 39 Galo Molina, Tulcan Provision and installation of one 30KVA transformer for the maintenance workshop for tactical vehicles at GFE-25 Esmeraldas Enlargement of the workshop and construction of parking area for vehicles for The Ecuadorian van, San Lorenzo Design and construction of one tactical tower for Ecuadorian army Maldonado, Carchi Construction of shelters for the ECU army Esmeraldes Construction of workshop for tactical vehicles Maintenance workshop for tactical vehicles for Yahuachi Ibarra Police port inspection facilities in Puerto Bolivar-el Oro Area police control base in Santo Domingo de los Colorados Carchi antinarcotics polio headquarters in Tulcan Police port inspection facilities in Esmeraldas Construction of barracks and office for Canine Training Center, Quito Construction of barracks and offices for Canine Airport Unit, Guayaquil Construction military base, Sucumbios Construction and remodeling of Villa military base, Sucumbíos Program Impact Drug seizures and arrest statistics for the calendar 2008 are (metric tons) Seizures Cocaine hydrochloride 21.82 Coca Base/paste .65 Cocaine total 22.47 Heroin .18 Cannabis .74 Drug Laboratories 2.00 Arrests 3,034.00 Communications Equipment Harris radio products donated to the Ecuadorian Miliary's 4th Division enabled the unit to better communicate with subordinate units throughout the Sucumbíos and Orellana provinces. This enhanced communications allowed the unit to streamline the decision-making process and more rapidly execute missions or changes to missions already taking place. Additionally, the formal and informal classes/instructions provided by Harris instructors were absolutely invaluable to the ECUMIL. Construction Projects The projects have improved the standard of living of the anti-narcotics police personnel which has helped to rejuvenate the police's motivation. In addition, the work and office area for the police has improved dramatically, thereby increasing the performance of the police. Increased technology in the facilities has also facilitated a responsive force; these new and renovated facilities also provided the police a stronger and more visible presence. Construction of the vehicle repair and wash facilities has significantly improved the maintenance capabilities of the unit. The new installations provide a sheltered, all-weather maintenance area that allows the unit to better service their vehicles day or night under adverse weather conditions. The wash facility better enables the unit to maintain the cleanliness of vehicles which thereby enables the unit to easily identify leaks, damaged parts or to other maintenance issues. Vessels The Riverine program, run by the Ecuadorian Military along the northern border, has increased the patrolling capacity of the Ecuadorian military along the rivers. This has been accomplished with a growing program that consists of 10 Zodiacs, Boston Whalers and 15 refurbished jet boat piranhas. Laboratory Equipment The NAS donated equipment to the Forensic Laboratory for use in analyzing chemicals and drugs in an efficient manner to expedite the resolution of drug cases. The laboratories are equipped with gas chromatographers. Problems and Corrective Action Plan Unmonitored Resources Although the NAS has a complete inventory of the vehicle fleet, the Mobility Assistant has monitored only a small percentage of them because he began two months ago. However, these items were inspected by verification of hand receipt by each local logistics/supply officer. Due to the vacancy in the Mobility Assistant position, the NAS Inventory Assistant conducted inventories of the vehicle and motorcycle fleet. The Mobility Assistant will make one monitoring trip a month in 2009. Post anticipates that 75% of vehicles will be monitored during the calendar year, Lack of Use and Misuse of Commodities The NAS has identified a couple of cases of misuse of vehicles resulting in vehicular accidents. The NAS has sent a number of social memorandums detailing these incidents; a request for a review of police policies regarding this misuse has been sent to the National Director of the Anti-Narcotics Police. The NAS has also held formal meetings with DNA officials, including the National Director, to discuss these accidents. The NAS will continue to closely monitor any future vehicular accidents. The DNA has acknowledged that they are aware of this issue and are working to rectify the situation. Repair and Maintenance of Commodities There are some maintenance issues with police units in towns which are located at large distances from larger cities. For this reason, the NAS donated vehicles in these towns often have to travel at least two hours for maintenance or repair of these vehicles. This year, the newly hired NAS Mobility Assistant will personally inspect these vehicles and search for quality maintenance shops at closer locations. If no local shops are identified, the NAS Mobility Assistant will provide basic servicing supplies such as oil and filters." The Department of Defense 2009 FY2009 Section 1022(a) Report says this about Section 1004 Counter-Drug Assistance aid to Ecuador: "NATION: Ecuador PROJECT SUPPORT EFFORT: Upgrades to forward operating sites along Ecuador's northern border with Colombia. Sites are at Chical, Maladonado, and Trufino and support Task Force I operations directed at CN activity on the northern border, as well as eliminating a safe haven for the FARC and other illegal armed groups (IAGs). PROJECT CODE: 9201 FUNDING ($K): $270K DESCRIPTION: Projects provide minor upgrades to Ecuadorian military facilities on the northern border. Upgrades include electrical and plumbing improvements to barracks and operational facilities designed to improve quality of life and operational readiness. PROJECT TASKS: Upgrade utilities at Chical, Maldonado, and Trufino. Repair roof and floors for the operations center at Chical. Install repeater and rework electrical grid at Trufino." According to the Department of State 2009 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement will fund the following activities in Ecuador: "U.S. Policy Initiatives and Programs Policy Initiatives. U.S. counternarcotics assistance is provided to improve the professional capabilities, equipment, and integrity of Ecuador?s police, military, and judicial agencies to enable them to combat more effectively criminal organizations involved in narcotics trafficking and money laundering. A priority has been to support Ecuadorian police and military presence in the northern border region proximate to Colombia, and police presence in other strategically important locations throughout the country. USG supported programs also address increased awareness of the dangers of drug abuse. Bilateral Cooperation. The DNA remains the primary recipient of U.S.-provided counternarcotics assistance, including vehicles, equipment, and training. The DNA which contributed significantly to the continued record level of land-based seizures includes special nation-wide units, such as the Mobile Anti- Narcotics Teams (GEMA) and a drug detection canine program. The U.S. also increased support to DNA?s money laundering unit to combat money laundering organizations operating in Ecuador. In 2009, the U.S. continued to provide support to the military to facilitate their mobility and communications during operations along the Northern Border, and to Ecuadorian Navy elements to better mobilize, equip, and train for narcotics interdiction activities. In 2009 the U.S. Coast Guard, in cooperation with Ecuadorian authorities, removed over 7.8 metric tons of cocaine, seized two vessels, and detained14 smugglers through the use of Maritime Operational Procedures. Ecuador is an active participant in the Multilateral Counterdrug Summit, in which the U.S. participates, along with Panama, Colombia, and Mexico to facilitate regional counternarcotics interoperability. Work on judicial sector reform continued in 2009 although changes to the structure of judicial institutions as required under the new Constitution, which went into effect in October 2008, created some uncertainty regarding the process of criminal cases. A major USG-funded training program continued to train prosecutors, judges, and judicial police throughout the country to more effectively investigate and prosecute criminal cases. In cooperation with the Judicial Council (formerly the National Judicial Council), the U.S. supported nationwide implementation of an automated database of all criminal cases. However, in February implementation was suspended by a political decision of the Judicial Council, as supported by the Ministry of Justice. Once fully implemented this database would enhance management and transparency of the adjudication of criminal cases to address problems of delay and corruption. The U.S. provided technical assistance to support continued implementation of the Financial Intelligence Unit and provided training and equipment to police investigative units. Training assistance programs encompassed anti-money laundering, financial crimes, and maritime law enforcement" The U.S. Department of State 2010 Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010 contains this description of International Narcotics Control Economic Aid aid to Ecuador: "FY 2010 Program Drug Awareness/Demand Reduction This project will help to counter Ecuadorian public misunderstandings and disinformation regarding the true nature of illicit drug use, terrorism and other transnational challenges, along with a better understanding of U.S. policies and activities by increasing public awareness of the dangers of drug abuse and disseminating information about abuse prevention. The project will also directly support drug awareness projects operated by the GOE. This will include a series of workshops in six key cities throughout the country, and provide program development, training, manuals and brochures which are estimated to reach 1,250 professionals and community leaders. 283 Western Hemisphere Money Laundering Ecuador is a dollar-based economy with weak government controls in place to monitor and discourage the flow of laundered funds. The country produces chemical precursors and is a transit corridor for diverted chemicals. This project will provide training and equipment to assist the GOE with recently formed financial investigative and chemical control units, as well as the requisite enforcement units." The U.S. Department of State 2010 Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010 contains this description of International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcementq aid to Ecuador: "Program Objectives and Performance Indicators Interdiction Strengthen Ecuadorian National Police (ENP) and military forces' capability to dismantle major drug trafficking organizations. ENP maintains effective control of airports, seaports, and land routes otherwise used by traffickers to transport illegal narcotics and precursor chemicals. Ecuadorian military is able to conduct enhanced interdiction operations along land and maritime borders with improved mobility, and communications. Program Justification Ecuador is a major transit country for illicit drugs trafficked to the United States and chemical precursors for drug production. While the Government of Ecuador (GOE) is actively combating illegal narcotics activities, drug traffickers from Colombia and Peru continue to take advantage of large, sparsely populated border regions and difficult-to- monitor maritime routes to move cocaine, heroin, and precursor chemicals through Ecuador. In 2008, the GOE continued to identify and destroy cocaine laboratories capable of refining multi-ton quantities of cocaine, and police and military units destroyed several multi-hectare plots of coca plants near the Colombian border. The GOE significantly increased military operations in this region during the year to counter persistent narcotics activity by Colombian armed insurgent groups that have rendered Ecuador's northern border region particularly vulnerable and dangerous. In 2008, while cocaine seizures on land continued at record levels, traffickers continued to diversify shipment methods such as, the use of go-fast and small fishing boats, capable of carrying smaller loads and hugging the coastline, or Self-Propelled Semi-Submersibles capable of maintaining a low profile to avoid interdiction. Traffickers also appeared to be using containerized shipping to a greater extent than in the past. There was an increase in drug flows from Ecuador to Europe and Africa; a trend first noticed in 2007, and, in 2008, the first major seizure of cocaine departing Ecuador destined for Asia was made. While Ecuador generally cooperates with the U.S. in the fight against narcotics trafficking and regional terrorism, drug trafficking has steadily increased in recent years. Ecuador's law enforcement and border control programs are inadequate to deal with this growing trend, and weak institutions, along with widespread corruption further impede progress. The ENP and military forces are not sufficiently equipped and trained to deal with international criminal and narcotics trafficking pressures. Program Accomplishments Under President Rafael Correa's administration, the GOE has taken a tougher stance on combating narcotics trafficking by implementing new policies and programs and by increasing police and military operations, particularly on the northern border. Total seizures by the GOE in 2008 were 22 metric tons (MT) of cocaine, 144 kilograms (kg) of heroin and 1,980 kg of cannabis. An additional 8.4 MT of cocaine was seized in international waters based on Ecuadorian intelligence. Strong enforcement efforts by the anti-narcotics police (DNA) produced record land-based seizures in 2008, including the largest single land seizure of 4.8 metric tons in the Esmeraldas province near Colombia. Also in 2008, the DNA discovered and destroyed a laboratory in the Southern Province of El Oro capable of producing one ton of cocaine per month. The DNA also played a critical role in multi-ton maritime seizures totaling nearly 16 MT. Heroin seizures at the airports and post office were slightly lower in 2008 than 2007, with most shipments still destined for the United States. Anti-narcotics police also identified and destroyed a field of almost 50,000 poppy plants in the northern province of Tulcan. FY 2010 Program Interdiction Police Operations: This project is responsible for nearly all of the land-based drug seizures in Ecuador. Ecuador has augmented its Counternarcotics (CN) Police force in recent years, and has increased the volume and range of police operations, which has increased the need for operational support, such as vehicles, communications, and detection equipment. FY 2010 funds will support the Counternarcotics Police Directorate (DNA) port and canine operations; travel and investigative expenses of the anti-smuggling police unit; acquisition of law enforcement and communications equipment; vehicle acquisition, maintenance, repair and operational costs; and the cost of providing a port advisor from U.S. Customs and Border Patrol (CBP/DHS). Police Facilities Support: FY 2010 funds will strengthen existing police presence and counternarcotics operations in porous border regions in the north and south of Ecuador. Program funds will help maintain and upgrade DNA bases to ensure high standard inspection and living quarters for 30 to 40 member units at key interdiction points at strategic points along or near the northern, southern, and maritime borders and major roadways connecting the border with Ecuadorian ports. Police and Judicial Training: FY 2010 funds will provide support basic and advanced training, emphasizing ground and airborne field operations, intelligence methods, cargo and personnel inspection techniques, with military and police co-trained, where appropriate. Funding will also extend and refine training to complement implementation of the new code of criminal procedures to emphasize practical application of the code in areas such as chain of evidence, forensic science, and oral trial practice. Strong emphasis will also be given to training in proper implementation of a comprehensive money laundering law and criminal procedures code. Border and Coastal Control: The Ecuadorian Military is responsible for securing most land borders and coastal areas. In FY 2010, the provision of operational support to the military will further strengthen Ecuador�s ability to protect its national territory against narcotics- terrorist incursions and to seize illicit international shipments of drugs and precursor chemicals. It will also give these forces the ability to rapidly deploy to remote areas in response to reports of drug trafficking activity." The U.S. Southern Command 2009 Ecuador�s "Amazonas" train with U.S. military to become "River Rats� says this about aid to Ecuador: "Recognizing the importance of Riverine operations, the U.S. Military Group in Ecuador, in partnership with the Ecuadorian Army, began training together in October to enhance the capabilities of jungle units to control the rivers in their zones. "In the dense jungle environment the rivers serve as lines of communication for groups like the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) to conduct logistical support and illicit trafficking," said Maj. Michael L. Burgoyne, a Foreign Area Officer with U.S. Military Group Ecuador. At the request of the Ecuadorian government, the Ecuadorian Army and the U.S. Military Group have been working together since 2007 to create, train and deploy small boat units in jungle terrain and along the border with Colombia. In a recent three week course, held in Coca, soldiers from the Ecuadorian 4th Division "Amazonas" mastered formations, Riverine patrolling, insertions, extractions and battle drills. During the course, the term "River Rats" was used to describe the Ecuadorian soldiers who will take their knowledge to the northern border with Colombia and the deepest reaches of the Ecuadorian Amazon. The training received enhanced the ability of the Ecuadorian Army to deploy their contingency of more than 40 boats and three Riverine battalions consisting of more than 550 personnel. These soldiers will be able to access remote outposts often only accessible by boat or helicopter, thereby preventing FARC units from establishing camps in Ecuador and preventing the flow of illegal drugs through the border. The relationships built and sustained with multinational partners in the Central and South American region through exercises, professional and military exchanges help tremendously in preserving peace and stability in the region. Since the Ecuadorian soldiers understand the U.S. commitment to the region, the two-year program has been successful in turning Soldiers into "River Rats." In conjunction with Vector Watercraft, a U.S.-based company, the U.S. Military Group also provided equipment upgrades to the Ecuadorian Army Riverine Program. As part of the program, the Ecuadorians have received numerous new and refitted patrol boats. These boats are equipped with water-jet engines and do not have the limitations of the outboard motors currently in use. With these new craft, the Ecuadorians can work in even the shallowest rivers to accomplish their mission." The U.S. Southern Command 2009 PANAMAX: Teamwork against terrorism reports that Exercises aid to Ecuador will do the following: "Fuerzas Aliadas PANAMAX is an annual exercise tailored to the defense of the Panama Canal against transnational threats. PANAMAX 2009 is designed to address a spectrum of possible threats, including terrorist acts against the canal, to ensure a multinational force can respond to any request for support from the Government of Panama while respecting national sovereignty. Fuerzas Aliadas PANAMAX is an annual exercise tailored to the defense of the Panama Canal against transnational threats. PANAMAX 2009 is designed to address a spectrum of possible threats, including terrorist acts against the canal, to ensure a multinational force can respond to any request for support from the Government of Panama while respecting national sovereignty. Ultimately Fuerzas Aliadas PANAMAX is about working together and learning from each other in order to promote trust and foster willingness for continued collaboration and teamwork. PANAMAX offers the opportunity to strengthen the ability to operate together which ultimately strengthens security of the hemisphere. Participants and observers include forces from Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the United States and Uruguay. The ground portion of the exercise is being conducted at Fort Sam Houston and Camp Bullis, both in San Antonio from Sept. 13-21." The U.S. Department of State 2007 2008 Posture Statement says this about International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement aid to Ecuador: "Procedures The NAS Director has overall responsibility for End Use Monitoring. The NAS FSN program specialist coordinates the activities of the FSN inventory assistant and FSN project assistant who conducts the physical inventory verification. The NAS Deputy Director resolves problems that might arise during the inventory and reviews the final product prior to submission for the Director's approval. NAS personnel labeled newly-purchased commodities and those from previous years which had not been labeled. Inventories of sites with only small volumes of donated commodities are verified in the course of project site visits by any NAS personnel. The NAS also sends inventory lists to each receiving authority (DNA, Military, DEA, DHS) who is asked to compare post's provided lists with their inventory and comment on the status of each item in writing within two weeks of the delivery of the lists. The NAS then determines if a visit to each individual location is required based on the number of items in the inventory for that particular location and/or the number of items whose status cannot be determined per the requested written verification from each entity. During 2007, the NAS continued to support the Ecuadorian National Police (ENP) Anti-Narcotics Division (DNA) with vehicles, communications equipment, computer equipment, field gear and construction projects. Post maintains regular and frequent contact with the National Anti-Drug (DNA) and Intelligence Division to allow close monitoring of donated material. NAS staff performs random, sample inventories when visiting outlying DNA offices and checkpoints. Status Defense Articles The Ecuadorian Army's 19th Brigade includes a Boston Whaler located in Puerto El Carmen. In addition, there are 100 HP Johnson O/B motors (19); trailers (4); Zodiac boats (4); and 40 HP Motors (4) donated by USMILGP. Weapons/Ammunition-The Ecuadorian National Police (ENP) Anti-Drug Division (DNA) received 743 Pistols Sigeauer and Beretta 9MM from the USMILGP in 2000. Those weapons are in use and in good condition. They are located as follows: Pichincha (144); Orellana (10); Manabi (53); Azuay (15); Los Rios (24); Tungurahua (10); Carchi (33); Imbabura (50); Esmeraldes (21); Morona Santiago (10); Sucumbios (16); Galapagos (4); Guayas (136); GEMA (138); El Oro (20); Napo (5); Cotopaxi (5); Chimborazo (6); Loja (30); Puyo (10); and Bolivar (3). The USMILGP also donated 500 Colt-AR15 M-16 guns as part of the 506 (a) drawdown. They were distributed to ENP units as follows: Pichincha (66); Guayas (71); GEMA (149); Imbabura (29); Carchi (20); Esmeraldas (35); Manabi (21); Tungurahua (5); Los Rios (10); El Oro (10); Azuay (5); Napo (8); Cotopaxi (5); Chimbozo (5); Sucumbios (15); Loja (20); Orellana (40); Puyo (3); Galpagos (2). The DNA received 597 flak vests from the 506 (a) Drawdown in 1999. They were distributed as follows: Pichincha (154); Guayas (73); GEMA (127); Imbabura (9); Carchi (19); Esmeraldas (29); Manabi (34); Los Rios (5); Guayas (5); Manabi (20); Imbabura (6); El Oro (49); Azuay (10); Napo (3); Cotopaxi (9); Chimborazo (4); Sucumbios (16); Loja (20); Morona Santiago (3); Orellana (6), Puyo (10); Orellana 6, Puyo 10. One was lost and 16 were auctioned. All but 30 are due for replacement. The DNA received 371 helmets from the 506 (a) Drawdown. They were distributed to the various ENP offices as follows: GEMA (100); Carchi (19); Esmeraldas (26); Tunguragua (4); El Oro (44); Azuay (10); Napa (5); Chimborazo (4); Caar (10); Sucumbios (12); Morona Santiago (5); Puyo (7). The NAS donated 118 HMMWV's and 76 five-ton trucks to the Ecuadorian Army in 2003 for northern border use. These vehicles are assigned to Ecuadorian military units at the following locations and are in working condition: HMMWV's-Tulcan (12); Santa Cecilia (12); Esmeraldes (30); Lago Agrio (12); Putumayo (6); Ibarro (12); Coca (4); Shushufindi (12); San Lorenzo (7); Machachi (5); Manta (3); Military Maintenance shop (3). Five-ton Trucks-Tulcan (5); Santa Cecelia (5); Esmeraldas (23); Lago Agrio (5); Ibarro (4); Putumayo (2); Quevedo (4); Latacunga (3); Shushufindi (6); San Lorenzo (13); and Military Maintenance shop (6). In support of its peace-keeping troops working under the United Nations in Haiti, the Ecuadorian Army (ECA) sent, without NAS permission, five USG-donated 5-ton trucks to Haiti. With host country funds, the ECA purchased sixty 5-ton trucks from the same excess U.S. military lot as the trucks donated by NAS. Five of the 60 trucks replaced those sent to Haiti; the replacement was competed in 2006. Spare parts for Military tactical vehicle were purchased during 2007 for $1.6 M for Northern Border Military Operations. Vehicles The NAS provides support for all USG-donated vehicles totaling 190 cars/trucks/vans buses and 92 motorcycles. In 2007, the NAS purchased 36 vehicles and 17 motorcycles and auctioned 20 vehicles and 10 motorcycles in poor mechanical condition. In addition, three vehicles are out-of-service and will be sold at auction. Proceeds from auctions are being recycled into replacement vehicles and motorcycles. All of the vehicles donated through 506 drawdown are out of service and will be sold as scrap. One hundred eighty-seven (187) vehicles and 93 motorcycles are in operable condition. The vehicles are assigned to the following counternarcotics units throughout Ecuador: Pichincha (56); Guayas (26); Carchi (9); Esmeraldas (5); El Ora (2); Loja (3); Manab (3); Azuay (2); Tugurahua (1); Imbabura (3); Cotopaxi (1); Sucumios (5); Napo (1); GEMA (17); SIU (36); COAC (5); Pastaza (1); Judicial Plice (1); and Military (19). The motorcycles are assigned to the following locations: Pichincha (15); Guayas (6); Carchi (3); Sucumbos (5); Esmeraldas (2); Loja (3); Imbabura (4); Azuay (2); Manab (4); El Oro (2); Cotopaxi (1); Tungurhua (1); Bolvar (1), Napo (1); Orellana (2); Chimborazo (1); Zamora (1), GEMA (16) COAC (5); Judicial Police (4); SIU (35); Military (15), Aeropolitical (3). In 2007, the NAS started the process of purchasing 58 pickup trucks, 17 automobiles, 9 taxis, 7 vans, 4 cargo trucks, 3 mid-size buss, and 69 motorcycles through RPSO in Florida. The majority of this purchase will be a fleet expansion for the Ecuadorian Anti-Narcotics Police. Approximately 20% of this purchase will replace vehicles and motorcycles to be sold at auction. The NAS has established Blanket Purchase Orders (BPA's) with several repair shops. Repair and maintenance needs are evaluated by NAS personnel and the vehicles are sent to appropriate shops for the necessary work. The NAS keeps records of vehicle maintenance; maintains a tire stock; and furnishes a fixed amount of fuel for operations by the donated vehicles throughout Ecuador. Aircraft The Eurocopter helicopter donated to the Ecuadorian Marines is housed in Santo Domingo e los Colorados, in Pichincha province. NAS does not provide fuel, maintenance or spare parts. However, the NAS monitors flight hours and general use of helicopter. Communications Equipment The NAS currently supports the Ecuadorian National Police Communications with 22 repeater stations, 38 base stations, 75 mobile units, 475 portable hand-held radios (walkie-talkies), 2 manpack HF radios, and 1 HF base radio. All equipment is provided with full accessories. The equipment is distributed throughout the country. The NAS donated 262 Motorola Portable hand-held radios to the ENP in 2006. The DNA has 16 HT-1000 and 71 Motorola Saber radios. Twenty of the 71 Saber radios were previously used by the NAS-supported, DHS-guided Anti-alien Smuggling Police Intelligence Unit (COAC) but were returned to the DNA in 2005. Currently, those 20 radios are inoperable and stored at the ENP warehouse. The Ecuadorian Army (the 19th Jungle brigade, Coca) has 87 Manpack VHF radios, chargers and accessories that were donated in FY-2002. The equipment was upgraded and repaired by the manufacturer in 2006 and is still in working condition. In 2007, the NAS started the process of purchasing new communications equipment through INL. Computer Equipment The NAS completed the upgrade of the computer equipment provided to the DNA. Two hundred ninety-three computers (293), 91 printers, 117 digital cameras, 35 scanners, 14 servers, 51 laptops were distributed throughout Ecuador at the following antinarcotics facilities: Computers-Pichincha (158); Guayas (67); Imbabura (6); Carchi (10);Esmeraldas (4); Tungurahua (4); Los Rios (2); El Oro (4); Canar (1); Azuay (3); Napo (1); Zamora (2); Cotopaxi (3); Chimborazo (2); Orellana (2); Sucumbios (4); Pastaza (2) Manabi (9); Loja (1); Galapagos (3); Bolivar (1); Morona (1); San Lorenzo (3). Printers-Pichincha (27); Guayas (28); Imbabura (3); Carchi (5); Esmeraldas (21); Tungurahua (1); Los Rios (2); El Oro (2); Canar (1); Azuay (1); Napo (1); Zamora (1); Cotopaxi (2); Orellana (1); Sucumbios (1); Pastaza (1); Manabi (8); Loja (1); Galapagos (1); Puyo (1). Digital Cameras-Pichincha (51); Guayas (18); Imbabura (6); Carchi (4); Esmeraldas (5); Los Rios (1); Canar (1); Azuay (1); Napo (2); Zamora (1); Cotopaxi (2); Chimborazo (1); Orellana (1); Sucumbios (4); Pastaza (1); Manabi (6); Loja (3); Galapagos (2); Bolivar (1); Morona (1); Puyo (1). Laptops-Pinchincha (23); Guayas (4); Carchi (1); Esmeraldas (1); Tungurahua (1); Los Rios (1); El Oro (1); Azuay (1); Zamora (1); Chimborzao 1; Sucumbios (1); Pastaza (1); Manabi (3); Loja (2); Galapagos (1); Napo (1). The NAS donated 7 laptops to the Ecuadorian Military in Sucumbios. Scanners-Pichinchi (14); Guayas (15); Imbabura (2); Carchi (2); Esmeraldas (1); El Oro (1); Sucumbios (1); Manabi (3). Servers-Pichincha (7); Guayas (6); Carchi (1). The NAS delivered the following computer equipment to DNA's warehouse that will be distributed to the various units: 120 CPU's, 120 monitors, 46 Notebooks, 33 printers, 140 UPS', 30 multifunctional. 34 faxes, 50 camcorders, 40 digital cameras, 1 mixer, 20 hard drives, 10 external hard drives, 20 memories for printers, 20 hard drives for printers, 20 fusor for printers, 5 adopters for flat panel monitors, 200 toners, 4 cable UPS.' DEA donated 16 CPU's to the SIU group. Canine Unit NAS/Ecuador has been providing technical assistance, food and supplies to the Ecuadorian National Police's Canine Training Center (CAC) located in Quito since its inception, as well as to the canine units deployed at Ecuador's major airports. The canine program has been the pride of the ENP and accounts for nearly all of the drug interdictions in Ecuador. There are 79 dogs in the canine unit donated by the NAS. They are located as follows: Pichincha (20); Guayas (21); Manta (8); Machala (5); Mascarillas (7); Carchi (6); Cotopaxi (3) San Lorenzo (3); San Jeronimo (3); Esmeraldas (3). Vessels Three 27-foot launches were donated to the Ecuadorian Marines to provide them better capability to patrol the extensive water systems on the border with Mario province in Colombia. All of the boats are located in San Lorenzo and are in good working condition. Eleven (11) Zodiacs for the Ecuadorian Military are at the warehouse for distribution. Construction Projects The following construction projects were completed in 2007: dining room and kitchen for CICC DNI, Quito; adaptation of kennels for the Canine Center at Quito airport; remodeling offices and troop barracks for canine unit at Port Guayaquil; enlargement of troop barracks for the Canine Training Center, Quito; construction of fence and cover for kennels at Manta Port; remodeling facilities of Pinchincha headquarters Anti-Drug Police JPAP, Quito; remodeling of office for the Judicial Police, Quito; adaptation of barracks & construction of kennels for the Anti-narcotics Police, Lago Agtio; training rooms for dogs at the Canine Training Center, Quito; diesel tank for generator at San Jeronimo Police checkpoint; remodeling of kennels for the Canine Training Center, Quito; construction of the warehouse for CONSEP Guayaquil; enlargement of GEMA Police Check Point in Baeza; construction of kennels for the Police Canine Unit, Santo Domingo; remodeling of offices dormitories at the Canine Training Center, Quito; construction of temporary kennels for the Canine Unit at the Airport, Guayaquil; remodeling of office & dormitories at the Canine Unit, Santo Domingo; remodeling of maintenance workshop for BAL 72, Quito; remodeling of workshop for tactical vehicles for Ecuadorian Navy, Esmeraldas; adaptation of a maintenance workshop for adaptation of tactical vehicles at Esmeraldas; adaptation of a maintenance workshop for tactical vehicles for BI 39 Galo Molina, Tulcn; design and construction of the C-130 workshop enlargement for FAE, Quito; enlargement of workshop and construction of parking area for tactical vehicles for Ecuadorian Navy, San Lorenzo; maintenance workshop for tactical vehicles in Santa Cecilia; design and construction of a tactical tower for Ecuadorian Army Maldonado, Carchi; construction of shelters for ECU Army, Esmeraldas; construction of shelters for the ECU Army, Esmeraldas; integrated police Check Point in San Jersnimo, Imbabura; maintenance workshop for tactical vehicles for GCM-36 Yahuachi, Ibarra; police port inspection facilities in Puerto Bolivar, El Oro; aero Police Control Base in Santo Doming de los Colorados; Carchi Antinarcotics police headquarters in Tulen; police inspection facilities in Esmeraldas; construction of barracks and offices for canine training center CAC, Quito; construction of barracks and offices for canine airport unit, Guayaquil; construction Sansahuari military base, Sucumbios; construction and remodeling of Villamar Cooper Military Base, Sucumbios; Perimeter fence and additional works, Lago Agrio; GYE port inspection remodeling, Guayaquil; helipad construction, San Lorenzo; Ecuadorian Navy helipad, Esmeraldas; construction of a pier for the Ecuadorian Navy, San Lorenzo. Field Gear In 2006, the NAS purchased significant amounts of field gear for the Ecuadorian military under military programs budget: 32 binoculars; 70 expandable batons; 255 trauma kits; 145 compasses; 590 canteens; 262 backpacks, 375 hats; 75 belts; 1076 tactical gloves; 166 flashlights; 1115 sleeping pads; 23 tactical life preservers; 50 tactical lights; 100 boots; 85 overalls; 480 hammocks; 100 pepper spray; 11 head mounts; 32 GPS; 150 tactical harnesses; 360 ponchos; 150 florescent jackets; 8 overalls; 360 ponchos; 140 boots; 240 flashlights, 175 handcuffs, 818 fast rope system, 20 ascending snap links. Not all gear has arrived in country. Field gear donated by NAS is in proper use subject to normal attrition. New tactical gear equipment recently provided to the Ecuadorian Military include the following: ultra duty belts (60), handcuff pouches (60), radio pouches (60); glove pouches (60), logo handcuff keys (60), compact light holder (6), expandable baton holders (60); tactical application gloves (60); surefire 6P flashlights (60); millennium level II body armor (60); military handcuffs peerless (60); industrial light sticks (60); sleeping bags (60); narco tests squad kits (3) classic hydration kits (3). The following field gear was recently purchased for the National Police: florescent jackets (150), handcuffs (4), overalls (8), tactical harnesses (415), boots (140), flashlights (240). The following equipment has been procured for distribution to DNA/GEMA: Life body armor (280), trauma plates (280), life level AII body armor (60); flex cuff restraints (4,000), traffic cones (60), CP cordless rechargeable spot (55), ponchos (255), Mag-lites 2 D cell (100), flashlights (250), goggles (20). M-3 medic bags (30), smoke grenades (150), tents (280), portable stretcher black (20). Miscellaneous The NAS provided the DNA with 18 emergency generators in previous years. They are in service at the operational units as follows: Pinchincha (1); Guayas (3); Manta (2); Sucumbios (2); Baeza (2); Carchi (2); San Lorenzo (1); San Jeronimo (2); Machala (2); Napo (1). The NAS provided three portable Ion scanners in 2003. They are located in Tulcan (1); LaAgo Agrio (1) and Guayas (2), Machala. (1), Manta (1), Baeza (1). Two digital X-ray machines are located at the Quito and Guayaquil airports and at the Ecuadorian post office. The X-ray machine at the Guayaquil airport is out-of-service after a passenger struck the machine in anger in refusing to submit to an X-ray examination by police. Field gear donated by the NAS is in proper use subject to normal attrition, war and tear. Emergency generators (18) donated by NAS to DNA in previous years are in service at the following operational units: Pichincha (1), Guayas (3), Manabi (2), Sucumbios (2), Baeza (2), Carchi (2), San Lorenzo (1), San Jeronimo (2), Machala (2), Napo (1). Problems No particular problems were encountered. There are no indications of systemic abuses of human rights involving USG assistance or the recipients of USG assistance. Impact U.S. Government assistance is crucial to the counternarcotics program of the ENP. The central funding received from the National Police by the Anti-Drug Division covers only salaries and basic administrative expenses, aside from about 30 vehicles procured for DNA by the ENP in 2002 and 2003. The NAS and DEA provide almost all logistical and operational support to the Ecuadorian National Police Anti-Drug Division. Drug seizures and arrest statistics for calendar year 2007 were (metric tons): Seizures Cocaine hydrochloride 21.82 Coca Base/paste .65 Cocaine total 22.47 Heroin .18 Cannabis .74 Drug Laboratories 2.00 Arrests 3,034.00" According to the U.S. Southern Command 2009 Opening Ceremony Kicks Off FA PANAMAX 2009, Exercises will fund the following activities in Ecuador: "More than 4,500 personnel from 20 countries began a 12-day exercise here Friday to train in a joint, multinational effort to ensure the security of the Panama Canal. FA PANAMAX 2009 is one of the largest multinational training exercises in the world, and is taking place in the waters off the coasts of Panama from Sept. 11-22 with the participation of civil and military forces. More than 20 vessels and a dozen aircraft are involved in the exercises. Participants are focusing on a variety of responses to any request from the Government of Panama to protect and guarantee safe passage of traffic through the Panama Canal, ensure its neutrality, and respect national sovereignty. Simulated ground forces are also participating at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. The FA PANAMAX 2009 exercise scenario includes sea-based training devoted to maritime interdiction operations, including visit, boarding, search and seizure. Virtual land-based training in San Antonio, Texas, will focus on command and control, stability operations, humanitarian assistance and disaster-relief operations. FA PANAMAX 2009 participating nations include: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, United States and Uruguay. France and Mexico are scheduled to participate as observers. The Conference of Central American Armies, the Organization of American States and the United Nations will also participate." The U.S. Department of State 2010 FY 2010 Congressional Budget Justification for Foreign Operations contains this description of aid to Ecuador: "U.S. foreign assistance to Ecuador focuses on strengthening democracy and creating a prosperous, privatesector- based, market economy as the country pursues new policy initiatives that have changed government institutions and resulted in a new publicly approved constitution. Peace and Security: The United States will bolster counter-narcotics operations by modernizing police and military capabilities in interdiction, evidence gathering, strengthening port and maritime controls, and providing support for police and military presence in strategic locations. Security assistance will enhance the Ecuadorian military�s ability to control its national territory, thereby denying terrorist organizations, including illegal Colombian armed groups, areas to train and organize. U.S. programs will reinforce the principles of civilian control of the military, respect for human rights, and effective resource management. The United States also plans to support the Government of Ecuador�s (GOE) work in de-mining, particularly in the southern border area with Peru where mines left from the border skirmish in the mid-90s still pose a threat to the local population. Training, equipment upgrades, and infrastructure improvements for de-mining training facilities will enhance Ecuador�s capabilities in this critical area. The United States will partner with the GOE and local businesses to create new legitimate jobs and raise incomes for vulnerable groups in the border regions by helping small producers and private businesses access supply and value chains. U.S. programs will support local government efforts to strengthen their ability to deliver basic services (including drinking water and sewerage) and productive infrastructure (roads, bridges, and irrigation canals), and to expand citizen participation in and oversight of local decision-making. Funds for alternative development will increase economic opportunities and improve the livelihoods of an additional 40,000 persons. Governing Justly and Democratically: Strengthening democracy and democratic institutions remains a top U.S. priority in Ecuador. The United States will partner with Ecuadorians to promote effective local governance, strengthen key democratic institutions under a new constitution, promote consensus-building, support participation of citizens in political and other democratic processes, and improve access to justice for vulnerable populations. U.S. assistance to local governments will improve services and implement programs that promote transparency and respond to citizen priorities. In partnership with the first Ecuadorian legislature elected under the 2008 constitution, the United States will provide technical assistance and training to help new legislators be responsive and accountable to the people. Civil society, particularly women, ethnic minorities, and people with disabilities, will receive support to participate fully in political processes. U.S. programs also will support Ecuadorian efforts to fight corruption. To ensure more equitable access to justice, specific activities will help improve the quality of justice services by training prosecutors, 596 judges, and the judicial police. Investing in People: The United States will work with national and local governments to expand and rehabilitate water supply and sanitation infrastructure and to establish community-based operation and maintenance systems. U.S. assistance will increase household-level understanding of hygiene through health education activities to prevent disease among mothers and children. U.S. assistance will also support improvements in infrastructure and the integration of disabled or socially excluded workers in the workforce. Economic Growth: The United States will work with national and provincial governments and business groups to improve their ability to identify potential local and foreign investors, to strengthen and expand by 50 percent the network of provincial economic development agencies created in FY 2007, and to increase the productive capacity of ten economic sectors selected in 2008 in consultation with the GOE. U.S. programs will support Ecuadorian policy reform efforts aimed at improving legal and administrative procedures in areas such as competitiveness, small enterprise development, and foreign investment. U.S. environment programs will continue to work with Ecuador�s national and local governments, indigenous organizations, the private sector, and the non-governmental community to improve the sustainable management of protected areas and forests, which are fundamental to preserving Ecuador�s unique biodiversity. Work will focus on ecotourism and the management of protected areas, indigenous lands and watersheds. U.S. and local partners will expand the number of hectares under improved management, work to increase tourism revenues in protected areas, improve management of critical habitat, and support decentralized management of forest and water resources." According to the U.S Department of State 2009 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, the U.S. government will fund the following activities in Ecuador: "The USG supports Ecuador's efforts and encourages the GOE to continue to place a high priority on the interdiction of illicit drugs and chemicals, eradication of coca cultivation near the Colombian border, and destruction of cocaine-producing labs. Increased GOE patrols near the Colombian border, which the USG will continue to support, will enable Ecuador to better control Colombian based drug cartels and destroy production sites. As traffickers shift tactics and make greater use of fast boats for smaller shipments along the coast, containers, and SPSS's, enhanced controls along Ecuador's maritime border, including improved port security, patrolling, and inspections, will be essential tools for controlling maritime trafficking. Strengthening coordination between military and police forces will also facilitate GOE evidence gathering and prosecution of cases related to these activities. Additionally, we encourage the GOE to give high priority to prosecution of money laundering and official corruption, which are key to attacking the leadership of narcotics cartels." According to the U.S Department of State 2008 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, the U.S. government will fund the following activities in Ecuador: "Policy Initiatives. U.S. counternarcotics assistance is provided to improve the professional capabilities, equipment, and integrity of Ecuador's police, military, and judicial agencies to enable them to combat more effectively criminal organizations involved in narcotics trafficking and money laundering. A U.S. priority has been to support Ecuadorian police and military presence in the northern border region proximate to Colombia, and police presence in other strategically important locations throughout the country. USG programs also support increased awareness of the dangers of drug abuse. Bilateral Cooperation. In 2008, the U.S. continued to provide support to the military to facilitate their mobility and communications during operations near the Northern Border, and to Ecuadorian Navy elements to better mobilize, equip, and train for narcotics interdiction activities. The DNA remains the primary recipient of U.S.-provided counternarcotics assistance, including vehicles, equipment, and training. The DNA includes special nation-wide units such as Mobile Anti-Narcotics Teams (GEMA), and a drug detection canine program, which contributed to a second consecutive year of high levels of land seizures. Cooperation in the judicial sector remained strong in 2008 although changes to the structure of judicial institutions as required under the new Constitution (passed in September), created some uncertainty regarding the process of criminal cases. A major U.S.-funded American Bar Association training program continued to provide prosecutors, judges, and judicial police throughout the country with training to strengthen their ability to effectively investigate and prosecute criminal cases. The USG, in cooperation with the National Judicial Council, continued nationwide implementation of an automated database of all criminal cases (a process begun in 2003). This database is in the process of being installed nationwide in all 24 provinces, it will enhance management and transparency of the adjudication of criminal cases to help address perennial problems of delay and corruption. Some preliminary reports have been produced from courthouses where the system is already in place. The U.S. also provided technical assistance and equipment to support continued implementation of the Financial Intelligence Unit, as well as police investigative units. Training assistance programs encompassed anti-money laundering, financial crimes, and maritime law enforcement." The U.S. Department of Defense 2007 Section 1209 Report to Congress on Foreign-Assitance Related Programs Carried out by the Department of Defense reports that Humanitarian and Civic Assistance aid to Ecuador will do the following: "Projects support USSOUTHCOM TSC goal to shape the environment by promoting democracy, regional prosperity, and stability." According to the U.S. Department of Defense 2007 Fiscal Year 2007 DoD Foreign Counterdrug Activity Report, Section 1004 Counter-Drug Assistance will fund the following activities in Ecuador: "NATION: Ecuador PROJECT/ BASE SUPPORT EFFORT: Design-build infrastructure construction, General Farfan, Ecuador PROJECT CODE: 9201 FUNDING ($K) : $1,192K DESCR PTI ON: Project upgrades existing facilities at General Farfan intended to enable/facilitate riverine operations along the northern border of Ecuador with Colombia countering both the Counternarcotics (CN)/Counternarcoterrorism (CNT) threat in the region. PROJECT TASKS: � Design � Site work and demolition � Boat ramp and hangar � Command building � Kitchen and dining facility � Arms storage building � 40-man barracks � Additional sidewalks � Additional fencing and gate � Design and construct generator building � Guard towers NATION: Ecuador PROJECT/ BASE SUPPORT EFFORT: Design-build infrastructure construction at various Northern Border areas (Lago Agrio, Shushifindi, and Tulcan), Ecuador PROJECT CODE: 9201 FUNDING ($K) : $806K DESCRIPTION: Project provides upgrades to existing facilities supporting key units operating along the northern border of Ecuador with Colombia. Project is intended to improve quality of life and sustain operations against critical CN/ CNT threats. PROJECT TASKS: � Construct supply building at Lago Agrio site � Construct 80-man barracks at Shushufindi site � Construct 80-man barracks at Tulcan site � Design NATION: Ecuador PROJECT/ BASE SUPPORT EFFORT: Base Operating Support for Manta FOL PROJECT CODE: 9500 FUNDING: $l3,095K DESCRIPTION: AFSOUTH maintains and operates a Forward Operating Location (FOL) in Manta, Ecuador. FOL Manta provides a base of operations to facilitate counter drug detection and monitoring operations within the USSOUTHCOM AOR. PROJECT TASKS: � Design and construction o f R-11 refueling pad. Pad will mitigate the environmental impact of any potential R-11 (refuel/defuel truck) fuel spills and corrects regulatory deficiency. � Base support contract includes maintenance and repair of facilities, along with 20 different minor construction projects. Also includes operations and maintenance of the dining facility, lodging, fire department, communications, and operations infrastructure. � Management support, supplies and equipment, travel of deployed personnel such as security forces, communications support and other support." According to the U.S. Southern Command 2008 UNITAS Pacific Exercise Concludes off Coast of Peru, Exercises will fund the following activities in Ecuador: "The maritime exercise UNITAS Pacific 2008 concluded off the coast of Peru July 1 after navies from seven countries participated in anti-submarine warfare exercises against live submarine targets, anti-aircraft warfare events, gunnery exercises, and maritime interception operations, among others. Under the leadership of the Peruvian Navy, seven maritime nations came together for UNITAS 49-08 Pacific Phase for nearly two weeks to carry out a complex and challenging exercise designed to unite respective navies in friendship, mutual cooperation and a commitment to regional security. Participants in this year�s UNITAS include Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and the United States, with observers from Argentina and Mexico. The annual UNITAS exercise strengthens relationships with partner countries by providing activities during the in-port phase on a sailor-to-sailor level such as sporting events, community relations projects, and social activities that truly foster a �persona� relationship amongst the partner nations. Operationally, multinational sailors collectively working together to plan, develop and execute the complex events and scenarios also greatly contributing to an ever-expanding relationship between the partner nations." The U.S. Southern Command 2008 U.S. Coast Guard, Navy Train Alongside South American Sailors reports that Exercises aid to Ecuador will do the following: "The Coast Guard International Training Division conducted a seminar to exchange knowledge with Navies from Ecuador, Chile and Peru on hand-to-hand combat and Vehicle Boarding Search and Seizure (VBSS) during UNITAS Pacific Phase 49-08." The U.S. Southern Command 2008 UNITAS Pacific Exercise Begins in Peru reports that Exercises aid to Ecuador will do the following: "UNITAS 49-08, an annual multinational exercise conducted to enhance interoperability and mutual cooperation between navies, began off the coast of Callao, Peru on June 21. UNITAS 49-08, hosted by Peru, brings together nations with common interests in the Americas, and includes Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and the United States. Mexico is also participating in UNITAS as an observer. UNITAS, now in its 49th consecutive year, strengthens relationships between partner nations through at-sea operations under numerous maritime scenarios. Capt. Rodelio Laco, Destroyer Squadron 40 Commodore, said that that this type of exercise increases proficiency and interoperability, but also builds trust between partner nations. Participating in this year�s UNITAS Pacific Phase from the United States are staff elements from U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command, Destroyer Squadron 40, USS Forrest Sherman (DDG 98), USS Farragut (DDG 99), USS Kauffman (FFG 59), U.S. Coast Guard International Training Division and personnel from the U.S. Marine Corps. UNITAS provides unique training opportunities at sea, a challenging and uncertain environment, which incorporates event driven scenarios to provide the maximum opportunity to improve a better working environment between the Navies. While there is not a specific threat that the exercise is designed to counter, the goal is to train forces from participating nations in maritime operations such as Electronic Warfare, Anti-Air Warfare and Air Defense, Anti-Submarine Warfare, Anti-Surface Warfare, and Maritime Interdiction Operations." The U.S. Southern Command 2008 FOL Manta helps give away 6,500 backpacks reports that aid to Ecuador will do the following: "Last week members of FOL Manta helped give away 6,500 backpacks that were purchased by the U.S. Embassy in Quito, Ecuador for underprivileged children. The Embassy selected 23 schools in Manabi province with underprivileged children in areas affected by flooding: Portoviejo, Chone and Manta. Each student received a backpack embroidered with the phrase "Sin drogas vives major" meaning without drugs you live better and inside each backpack was a water bottle, paper, pencils and for children in grades 3-6, a Spanish-English dictionary." The U.S. Embassy Brazil 2008 Brazil Hosts Joint Naval Exercises with Argentina and the United States says this about Exercises aid to Ecuador: "Navies from Brazil, Argentina, and the United States participated in exercise UNITAS 49-08 this month off the coast of Brazil. This exercise was designed to train each country�s navy in a variety of maritime scenarios, with each operating as a component of a multinational force to provide the maximum opportunity to improve interoperability. Also participating in this year's Atlantic phase of UNITAS as observers visited Chile and Ecuador. UNITAS develops and sustains relationships that improve the capacity of our emerging and enduring maritime partners to achieve common desired effects. This annual exercise fosters friendly, mutual cooperation and understanding between participating navies. UNITAS is a combined South American and U.S.-sponsored annual exercise that has taken place since 1959. It incorporates several South American nations, in addition to each phase's host nation. This year's Atlantic phase is hosted by Brazil. Overall objectives of this training include: providing the opportunity for participants to organize and conduct combined naval operations in a multinational task force, and test its responsiveness; improving the capability of all participating forces to carry out a variety of missions; increasing interoperability; and enhancing friendly relationships and mutual cooperation among participating navies." The U.S. Southern Command 2008 U.S. Coast Guard Commandant visits FOL Manta says this about aid to Ecuador: "FOL Manta is located on the coast of Ecuador and conducts aerial detection, monitoring, tracking and control of illegal narcotics trafficking. Since January 1, 2008 over 224 flying mission have flown out of FOL Manta resulting in 75 arrests, the capture of 53 metric tons of cocaine worth over $1.052 billion and the capture of 83 pounds of heroin with a street value of more than $3.3 million. In 2007 over 208 metric tons of cocaine, worth over $4.2 billion was captured as a direct result of flying operations conducted out of FOL Manta." The U.S. Southern Command 2008 U.S. military personnel deliver aid to hospital in Ecuador reports that Humanitarian and Civic Assistance aid to Ecuador will do the following: "U.S. troops and military support staff stationed in Ecuador teamed up with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to help deliver more than $4,000 in relief supplies to a local hospital March 7. The supplies will help resupply the Napoleon Billa Hospital in Chone as it recovers from flood waters that had risen up to four feet high in the area. The supplies consisted of more than 2,500 gallons of water, 510 intravenous bags, 1,000 rolls of toilet paper and roughly 300 mosquito nets. The volunteers purchased the supplies locally with U.S. Southern Command humanitarian assistance funds and loaded them onto a truck at FOL Manta. Representatives from USAID, the U.S. Military Group based at the U.S. Embassy in Quito and FOL Manta made the four-hour drive over rain-soaked roads to deliver the supplies to Chone." The U.S. Southern Command March 6, 2007 Hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee contains this description of aid to Ecuador: "Admiral Stavridis, commander, U.S. Southern Command: The good news is the United States remains the partner of choice to, I would say, the majority of nations in the region, including almost everywhere in Central America, most of the Caribbean, and most of South America. We have close military-to-military relations with almost every state with the exception of Cuba and Venezuela. Even in countries where we have differences at the government-to- government level, like Nicaragua or Bolivia, Ecuador at times, we continue to have strong military-to-military relations." The Department of State 2008 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report contains this description of aid to Ecuador: "In FY 2007 and early FY 2008, the first and second Eastern Pacific Ocean Trilateral Maritime Counternarcotics Summits involving the U.S., Ecuador and Colombia, were held in Bogota and Guayaquil respectively. These Summits have resulted in significant improvements in information flow and operational coordination that have enhanced our collective ability to combat illicit narcotics smuggling. The Summits are held on a semi-annual basis." The Department of State 2008 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report contains this description of aid to Ecuador: "Policy Initiatives. U.S. counternarcotics assistance is provided to improve the professional capabilities, equipment, and integrity of Ecuador�s police, military, and judicial agencies to enable them to more effectively combat criminal organizations involved in narcotics trafficking and money laundering. A U.S. priority has been to support Ecuadorian police and military presence in the Northern Border region near Colombia, and police presence in other strategically important locations throughout the country. USG programs also seek to increase awareness of the dangers of drug abuse. Bilateral Cooperation. The U.S. provided support to the military to facilitate their mobility and communications during operations near the Northern Border. In 2007, the U.S. increased support for Ecuadorian Navy elements to better mobilize, equip and train them for narcotics interdiction activities. The USG also provided law enforcement, crisis management, professional development, and operations planning training to the Ecuadorian Navy in 2007. A U.S. funded pier at an Ecuadorian Marine base in the town of San Lorenzo, 10 miles south of the Colombian border, was inaugurated in October 2007. The pier will provide the Ecuadorian Navy increased access, especially at low tide, to the rivers, estuaries, and ocean at this strategically important location. The procedures for boarding suspected smuggling vessels on the high seas agreed, to in August 2006, are working well and continue to result in successful large-scale drug interdiction operations. In FY 2007, these procedures enabled U.S. maritime assets to remove 57,785 lbs of cocaine over the course of boarding seven Ecuadorian flagged vessels. U.S. support for the DNA police helped ensure its mobility and improve communications, drug detection and investigative capabilities in order to conduct operations. The U.S. also provided support for the DNA canine unit and the specialized mobile anti-narcotics police (GEMA), which are critical elements of effective control and interdiction. In September 2007, a U.S.-funded DNA police provincial headquarters was inaugurated in the town of Tulcan in Carchi province just south of the Colombian border. The headquarters, which includes dormitories for 100 police, kennels and inspection areas, will enhance narcotics control on the main roadway between Ecuador and Colombia and will serve as a base of operations for the GEMA. Cooperation in the judicial sector was strong in 2007. A three-year cooperative project among the Embassy, the National Judicial Council and a local university, created the first ever automated database of all criminal cases in process throughout the country since 2003. The database will enhance the management and transparency of the adjudication of criminal cases, helping address the perennial problems of delays and corruption. Concurrently, a major U.S. funded American Bar Association training program is providing prosecutors, judges and judicial police throughout the country with training to strengthen their ability to use the relatively new trial procedures that were enacted in the 2001 Criminal Procedures Code. The U.S. also supports the implementation of a Financial Intelligence Unit as well as police investigative units being formed and trained to combat money laundering and financial crimes. The Road Ahead. Ecuador is effectively interdicting illicit drugs and chemicals, eradicating coca plantations near the Colombian border and destroying cocaine-producing labs. These illicit activities are a growing problem as drug cartels attempt to expand their operations and exploit perceived weaknesses. Continued patrolling and control along the Colombian border is essential due to the close proximity of drug cartels and production sites. Enhanced controls along Ecuador�s maritime border, including improved port security, patrolling and inspections, are also essential tools for regulating maritime trafficking of large shipments. The control and prosecution of money laundering and corruption will also be a high priority as this is critical to attacking the leadership of narcotics cartels. The U.S. will continue to support implementation of justice sector reforms such as the criminal case tracking system, training programs to speed up the prosecution of criminal cases and strengthening of Financial Intelligence Unit operations." The Department of State 2009 Congressional Budget Justification for Foreign Operations contains this description of aid to Ecuador: "Ecuador is a cooperative partner in the fight against narco-trafficking, regional terrorism, and trafficking in persons. The United States, through the Department of State and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), will help increase licit income and employment opportunities for populations vulnerable to the narco-economy, as well as strengthen local governments? capacity to respond their constituents? needs. U.S. assistance will help increase Ecuador's capacity to protect its northern region against incursions by Colombian armed illegal groups, and support police and judicial training, including the introduction of a new criminal case tracking system. Programs will help bolster police counter-narcotics operations, combat exploitative alien smuggling rings and trafficking in persons. Technical and monetary assistance will be provided to the newly-formed Ecuadorian Financial Intelligence Unit and train Ecuadorian authorities to detect and prosecute money laundering and other illegal financial transactions. U.S. programs will develop professionalism in the military through education courses and technical training, while seeking to enhance the principles of civilian control of the military, respect for human rights, and effective management of defense resources." The Department of State 2009 Congressional Budget Justification for Foreign Operations reports that International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement aid to Ecuador will do the following: "Highlights: To support efforts to interdict illegal narcotics and disrupt and dismantle related criminal organizations by strengthening the police and military through the acquisition and provision of equipment, training and operational support. Funding will also strengthen border control, especially in the northern region with Colombia; improve financial controls; decrease Ecuador?s attractiveness for laundering money; and improve Ecuador?s criminal justice system."	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A project of the Latin America Working Group Education Fund in cooperation with the Center for International Policy and the Washington Office on Latin America Project Staff: Adam Isacson (Senior Associate CIP isacson[at]ciponline.org) / Abigail Poe (Associate CIP abigail[at]ciponline.org) / Lisa Haugaard (LAWGEF Executive Director lisah[at]lawg.org) / Joy Olson (WOLA Executive Director jolson[at]wola.org) The "Just the Facts" website and program are made possible by support from the Foundation Open Society Institute (Zug).

Excerpts From Official Descriptions of Aid to Ecuador

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The "Just the Facts" website and program are made possible by support from the Foundation Open Society Institute (Zug).