All amounts in U.S. dollars. Numbers in italics are estimates, usually based on the closest year for which data are available.

All amounts in U.S. dollars. Numbers in italics are estimates, usually based on the closest year for which data are available.

All amounts in U.S. dollars.

All amounts in U.S. dollars.

Document: 2008 End-Use Monitoring Report

Program: International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement

BOGOTA

Background

EUM Program Coordinator
The NAS has two EUM Coordinators and one EUM reporting Officer who assist program staff with the EUM program:
German Ramirez, 57-1-383-2224; Ramirez@state.gov Leandro Encisco, 57-1-383-2230; encisol@state.gov
The EUM Coordinators implement updated monitoring procedures, carry out inventory checks and compliance reviews, and oversee the disposal of surplus and hazardous materials. They also confirm and evaluate the methods used to check inventories at different locations throughout Colombia.

Inventory System
The NAS tailors the technology and methods for monitoring to the size and scope of each program. The NAS warehouse/Customs data base and electronic spreadsheets are used as a base. Currently, the NAS is preparing an automated data base with the NAS IT Section to improve the inventory and tracking of equipment donated to the host government (HG). The NAS office which works with the Colombian National Police's Aviation Wing (ARAVI) has an automated inventory system which uses a database to record and track the distribution of all resources provided to host government agencies and to maintain and retrieve End Use Monitoring information. The NAS' Air Bridge Denial (ABD) project has its own automated inventory system that is used for tracking resources. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) continues to use a detailed inventory list for CY-2008 as the basis for EUM. The DEA list identifies USG-procured equipment and vehicles by item, brand name, model number/description, quantity, serial number, internal bar code, locations, and condition.

Other USG Assistance
The DEA, Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Immigration Customs Enforcement (ICE), Presidential Security Program (PSP), and the Justice Sector Reform Program (JSRP) all maintain databases of equipment provided to their counterpart agencies. These databases identify items by brand, model, serial number, location, and condition. All agencies conducted unscheduled visits to ensure that all USG-funded assets were accounted for and are being used for their intended purposes. The NAS transferred the Presidential Security Program to the Regional Security Office (RSO) in October 2008.

Counterpart Agencies
The NAS held regular working meetings with GOC counterparts to discuss operations and the status of USG-provided assets. They included:
Colombian National Police (CNP Colombian Army (COLAR) Colombian Navy (CILNAV) CD Brigade (COLMIL)
CNP Aviation Wing (AVARI) Anti-Narcotics Directorate (DIRAN)

During 2008, the EUM Coordinators, along with the CNP Office of International Cooperation counterparts, performed joint site visits to 29 Carabinero squadrons and 14 Diran groups around Colombia to check commodities against inventory and purchase documents from the NAS and the CNP.

Receipt
Hand-receipts and donation letters and Letters of Agreement (LOAs) are the basis for the transfer of property.

Monitoring Procedures

Scheduled On-site Inspections
During 2008, EUM Coordinators and program staff conducted site visits to GOC facilities and bases throughout the country to review controls and inventories of U.S. provided resources. Individual program managers also performed periodic spot checks. To supplement program manager reviews, the following 40 scheduled on-site inspections were performed during the year to different NAS program by the EUM coordinators. The Programs included in these inspections were Carabineros (CNP), DIRAN (CNP), GRUIN (COLNAV), and CD Brigade (COLMIL). The NAS Aviation Unit (NAU) Logistics and Facilities Section, in coordination with the Colombian Army Helicopter Program and Eradication Program Managers, verified the status of the EUM of U.S. Government property at locations through out Colombia.

Starting in January 2008, the NAS implemented EUM procedures identified by the NAS Project Office. The procedures included providing NAU members a list of EUM property to be checked as part of periodic site visits. These procedures ensure that by September 30 of each year, NAU has completed 100% EUM check of property identified by the NAS EUM program. These inspections involved reviews of the NAU property book items, commercial contractor's property book and field visits. Both the commercial contractor and NAU completed their 100 % annual inventory for 2008. For AVARI, four scheduled on-site inspections were performed at their bases in Guaymaral, Mariquita, Santa Marta and El Dorado. The PSP program uses scheduled and unscheduled site visits, as well as assessment trips to verify inventory and proper use of the items and of training provided to the recipients. For ABD there were two scheduled on-site inspections this year. These were conducted during a semiannual review and yearly certification. During these reviews, a retired U.S. Ambassador and an interagency team came to Colombia and met with GOC representatives to ensure the program met its objectives.

Unscheduled On-site Inspections

The ARAVI had ten (10) unscheduled on-site inspections performed in bases at Guaymaral, Mariquito, Santa Marta, el Dorado and Tulua. The ABD program's unscheduled site inspections are done monthly. The GOC is usually given a two to three day notice. These are conducted by the ABD Program Manager and Operations Adviser. Each site is visited at least once a month. The CD Brigade program's unscheduled on-site inspections were conducted on numerous occasions by the Program Adviser.

Number of Sites and Cities visited
For Carabineros: 17; DIRAN 10; GRUIN-COLNAV 1 site was visited at Cartegena; CD Brigade-COLMILl 3 at Larandria, CD Brigade Headquarters, BACNA HQ and Service and Support Battalion HQ; San Jose del Guaviare/Juaquin Pariz COLAR base - BACNA HQ, Tumaco, Nario/Batallon de Infanteria Marina # 70 - BACNA HQ. For AVARI: 5; they were Guaymaril,
Mariquita, Santa Marta, el Dorado and Tulua. For PSP: 2 they were Bogota, the Ministry of Defense (MOD) and the Mayor's Office.

Number of items subject to inspection

Carabin DIRAN ARAVI COLAR GRUIN Brigade PSP
8,544 5,533 8,838 1,758 1,897 3,404 1,969

Percentage of items personally inspected
Carabin. 39 DIRAN 40 ARAVI 78 COLAR 100 GRUIN 100 CD Brig. 75 PSP 24

Secondary Methods of Monitoring Resource Status

PSP secondary methods of monitoring lies in the comparison of program records to the inventory records supplied by counterpart agencies. Some 20% of donated items requiring monitoring were tracked by secondary methods. The CD Brigade Program Adviser compared the host government (CD Brigade) records with the NAS records: One hundred (100) percent of items have been verified using this method. For DEA projects, a 100% physical audit of existing inventories was conducted in various cities throughout the year. The NAS holds discussions with host nation government officials on the status of INL-funded resources when on- site inspections are not feasible. In the ARAVI program, these discussions are held at least twice weekly to discuss conditions and maintenance practices of aircraft and other INL-funded resources. The percentage of donated items monitored using secondary methods by ARAVI was estimated to be 14%.

Status-Commodities

All items donated to the COLAR CD Brigade are being used for their intended purpose and are in good condition. The ABD program determined that all resources provided are at the correct locations, with any movement coordinated ahead of time with the program manager; the contractor provides oversight on-site and also maintains the facilities. All support provided under the PSP, whether advice, training equipment, supplies or service is for the enhancement of the GOC's ability to protect their senior leaders. Program personnel have noted that items and equipment have remained with the entity or protective detail they were donated to support and for the most part exhibit only normal wear. The CNP Environmental Program supports the Colombian National Police (CNP) in ensuring legally mandated environmental monitoring verification missions and complaint verifications are carried out. All USG-provided communications, computer, and intelligence-related equipment procured for use in DEA programs in CY-2008 for use by CN counterparts was bar coded and inventoried prior to being issued.

Aircraft
The average availability rate for CNP/ARAVI aircraft fleet for 2008 was 55.3 percent with annual procurement flight hours of 21,725 of which 19,860 were actually flown. Embassy authorization is required to use assets for missions that are not strictly counternarcotics or involved in the evacuation of wounded security services personnel, i.e., counter-insurgency, high value targets, etc.

ARAVI Aircraft
Helicopters
Fixed wing
One H530FF
Two DHC6-300's
One H500
One C-99
Three 206B's
Five DC-3's
One 206L
One C-208's
One 206L3's
Two C-26A's
Eleven B212's
Four C-26B's
Seven UH-60L's
Three C-152's
Thirty-three Huey II's

All aircraft continually undergo maintenance inspections and services, and the overall condition of all ARAVI aircraft is very good considering the age of the aircraft and the high operational tempo.

The CNP Eradication/COLAR
The CNP Eradication Program and COLAR Aviation Program are both managed for the USG by the NAU and supported by an institutional contractor. The NAS and the INL Air Wing (INL/A) conducted regular program reviews to ensure that aircraft were bring used for the intended purposes and that the contractor was complying with all contract support requirements.

While the GOC has operational control of U.S. provided aircraft, the United States retains title. The Letter of Agreement (LOA) specifies the authorized program use for all aircraft. Any other use, such as disaster relief or humanitarian assistance, must be approved beforehand by the Embassy. The CNP and COLAR provide regular status reports to the NAS. The NAS conducts regular random services of flight logs for all USG-supported aircraft.

ERADICATION PROGRAM

Helicopters
10 UH-1N's
Fixed wing
Two C-208's
Thirteen AT-802's
Three C-27's

COLAR Helicopters
Eighteen UH-1N
Twenty-two UH-1N II
Thirteen UH-60L

ABD Aircraft
The Air Bridge Denial Program has five SR-560 Citation trackers, two SR-26 reconnaissance aircraft and one Cessna 182 support aircraft to suppress illicit aerial traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances over Colombia. Aircrews are provided by the Colombian Air Force (COLAF). Aircraft maintenance and safety monitors are provided by the USG through a contract with the commercial engineering services company. Oversight is provided through a Program Manager at the NAS.

AIR BRIDGE DENIAL
Five Citation 560's
One Cessna 182
Two C-26's

For the ARAVI program, changes in aircraft numbers occurring during 2008 were as follows: On August 8, 2008, a NAS supported Bell 212, titled to the USG and operated by the CNP crashed during an operational mission and was a complete loss. One UH-1H-1 Huey scheduled for UH-1H-II upgrade/restoration was deemed anti-economical and removed from USG support. One C-26B aircraft was added to the fleet in October 2008. Thirteen GOC titled aircraft (H53) FF,H500, 206B, 206L, 206L3, DHC6-300, C-99 and C-152) were removed from USG support as the first phase of planned Nationalization Process.

The Air Bridge Denial program had five Citation 560 tracker aircraft transferred to the COLAF. Two SR-26 reconnaissance aircraft were delivered to the COLAF after the upgrading of reconnaissance equipment. Both SR-26s were given by the USG to the Colombian Air Force in 1998 under the 506 drawdown program. One SR-26 had an accident and is no longer operable. All aircraft are under US control. The US contractor conducts all maintenance. The CNP Eradication program received three UH-1NST aircraft in April 2008. The two T-65's, several OV-10's, and one C-27 were sold and returned to CONUS; four UH-1Ns were sent to CONUS for maintenance. The COLAR program sent to CONUS five K- 1200 helicopters which were sold; eighteen UH-1Ns are on loan to the COLAR.

Vehicles

CNP Carabineros
One hundred and thirty-eight (138) Hyundai HD72 medium size trucks were donated to Colombian National Police in 2008. Vehicles are dispersed throughout Colombia and used to mobilize Carabineros groups. CNP is responsible for providing fuel and regular maintenance for these vehicles. No damage or problems have been reported.

Eighty eight (88) Ford F-450 trucks, one hundred and fifty (150) Mitsubishi 1,200 pickups, and two hundred (200) Yamaha XT1225 motorcycles were donated to Carabineros groups in 2006. These vehicles are dispersed throughout Colombia and used to mobilize Carabinerous on field operations. The high cost of maintenance, spare parts, the advanced technology of the Ford F-450 engine, and the poor quality of Colombian diesel fuel present numerous maintenance problems resulting in some fiscal and logistical challenges for the Colombian National Police. Of the Ford F-450 trucks monitored during 2008, only two were out-of-service and beyond economical repair after incidents. Three Mitsubishi's were out-of- service and beyond economical repair; one was lost during a terrorist attacked in Narino and the other two were involved in accidents. No major problems were reported on the 200 Yamaha XT225.

COLAR
Two Hyundai HD 72 medium trucks were donated to the Colombian Army in 2008 to secure roads between Bogota and Tolemaida. As they are new, no incidents have been received.

CNP/DIRAN
Ninety-two (92) Suzuki DR200 motorcycles, twelve (12) Hyundai 4.9 ton trucks, and twenty six (26) different brand sedans donated to Colombian National Police Antinarcotics Directorate (CNP/DIRAN) in 2007 were dispersed throughout Colombia. In June 2008, CNP/DIRAN finally received the required budget to get the vehicles into service. The CNP is providing fuel and maintenance. No major problems on these vehicles have been reported by the CNP.

Vehicles CNP/Carabineros
Motorcycle
200
Pick up
150
Truck F-450
88
Mid Size Truck 138

Vehicles PSP
Motorcycle 6 Two C-26's 10

Vehicles NAU/COLAR
Mid-size truck 2

Vehicles CD Brigade
Motorcycle 10

Vehicles US Marshall
SUV 5

Vehicles PSP
Zodiac 1

Vehicles GRUIN/COLNAVP
Zodiac 1

Vehicles CNP/DIRAN/Interdiction
Motorcycle 92
Sedan 26
Mid size truck 12

Vehicles DEA
Minivan 1
Motorcycle 25
Pick up 4
Sedan 29
Suv 19
Taxi 7
Van 16

The NAU Logistics and Facilities Section manages the NAU motorpool and provides oversight of all vehicles assigned to the institutional contractor as Government Furnished Equipment. The NAU ensures that all vehicles are maintained in a satisfactorily condition. The contractor and NAU conduct annual 100% inventory in accordance with established procedures. The NAS provided 138 medium size trucks to the CNP Carabineros Program and two other trucks to the COLAR. The NAS provided support to Colombia by providing vehicles to the CNP units, who then provide periodic inventories and status reports. CNP units work closely with this program and manage to remedy issues that arise.

Communications Equipment

All NAS host nation counterpart agencies that receive communications equipment provide inventories and status reports upon request. Equipment includes two-way radios, portable satellite phones, digital hybrid IP PBX, and VHS transmitter receivers. Comparison of the NAS records with analysis of Colombian inventories showed no notable discrepancies. The NAS employs a Communications Adviser who aides the CNP and other GOC entities in identifying requirements, conducting training, and monitoring program implementation. The adviser also works with host nation counterparts to develop a nation-wide strategy for regional and tactical communications support.

CNP Carabineros
Eleven (11) radio handheld receivers ICF-5's, two (2) Iridium Satellite phones, and four hundred and forty seven radios /thales PRC- 148 were donated to CNP/Carabineros in 2008. This equipment is used to support ground operations for the Carabineros Groups. The 11 ICF-5s are located with the"Blogue de Busqueda" and the National Squadrons and are in good shape. Thales PRC-148 radios are located in DICAR sections around the country. These radios are in great shape too. Two Iridium satellite phones were deployed by the National Squadrons to provide long distance communication where the radio networks and cell phones have no coverage.

CD Brigade
The CD Brigade received seventy (70) ICOM radios IC-R20 and there hundred and six (306) Motorola portable radios XTS2500 in 2008. The Motorola XT2500 radios are currently being used as secure squad communication radios during combat and interdiction operations by the CD Brigade. With these radios, squad members can communicate and relay vital information among themselves and to higher headquarters. The ICOM radios IC-R20 are also being used during operations together information on enemy locations and their intent.

The radios and receivers are in good operable condition. Maintenance is being conducted by the specialized COLAR communications personnel.

PSP
Six (6) ICOM radios were donated to the Presidential Security Program in 2008. In September 2008, the NAS donated all PSP program aspects to RSO since then they are responsible for EUM.

CNP DIRAN- Eighty (80) portable radios Motorola XTS5000, two (2) radio Yaesu, ten (10) Quantar family repeaters, one (1) satellite phone were donated to CNP/DIRAN in 2008 to enhance ground operations. Portable Motorola radios were deployed to the three jungle companies and the instructor in Pijaos (Training Facility). In addition, the Quantar repeaters have been deployed to various locations in support of tactical communications, e.g., two repeaters were installed in Covenas to improve tactical communications on the North Coast of Colombia. The satellite phone was deployed to the Santa Marta operational unit to provide long distance communications.

Computer Equipment

CNP DIRAN
Ten desktops (10) thirty-six laptops, four (4) printers, and two (2) videos were donated to DIRAN in 2008. Most of this computer equipment is used by the Judicial Police supporting the jungle operations with actionable information.

CNP Carabineros
One (1) Sony Laptop and sixty-nine (69) desktop computers were donated to Carabineros. The laptop and the sixty-nine desktops are located at the permanent locations around the country in support of the mobile squadron's mission.

Miscellaneous Equipment

CNP DIRAN
Four hundred (44) laser beams and four hundred (400) EOTACH holographic sights were donated in 2008. Laser beams are used in conjunction with NVD's to sight in on an enemy target and place well aimed rounds onto the target area. The EOTACH Holographic sights are used to enhance the fighting effectiveness in the jungle. These advanced sights are mostly used on M4s rifles previously donated by NAS. DIRAN is in the process of distributing them to groups at different locations in Colombia.

CNP Carabineros
Two hundred and ten (210) laser beams, two hundred and fifty (250) metal detectors, one hundred (100) ACOG sights were donated in 2008 for support to the rural operations carried out by the EMCAR. The lasers are duel beam target designators and are being used to allow patrol leaders to better control during combat. None have been reported lost or damaged. The metal detectors are in use in manual eradication and other operations to clear mines and search for caches. There are six of these items with each squadron and they have been responsible for saving countless lives. Post is establishing a maintenance facility for them; other than normal maintenance problems, they functioning well. The ACOG sights were bought to allow the squadrons to engage targets at greater distance. They are a very robust sight and none have been reported as damaged or lost.

CD Brigade
Twenty-eight (28) metal detectors and seven (7) weed eaters were donated to 2008. This equipment is used by CD Brigade personnel to help secure locations where illicit crops (coca field) are manually eradicated. No major problems were reported with this equipment during 2008.

Vessels
The COLNAV program received 13 Zodiac rubber inflatable boats at the beginning of Plan Colombia that are still in service.

COLNAV
Zodiac inflatable boats
13
PSP
Zodiac inflatable boats
1

Weapons

There are strict controls over weapons provided to Colombia by the United States. These items were monitored through site visits. The NAS Weapons Adviser monitors the use and operational status of donated weapons. The NAS staff performed regular inventories to ensure that all weapons were accounted for and provided detailed information on the location, type of weapon, and condition. The LOA specifically requires the Colombian Government officials to notify the NAS immediately of any lost or damaged weapons and of all investigations related to USG-provided weapons. CNP units receiving weapons support provide monthly inventories and status updates which are reviewed by the NAS program managers. Aircraft mounted and small arms weapons, as well as weapons training, were provided to ARAVI under the Security Assistance Program. One (1) M-60 was damaged beyond economical repair and is currently waiting DEMIL and destruction.

During 2008, the COLMIL Program Adviser, through the United States Army Security Assistance Training Management Organization, coordinated weapons Mobile Training Team (MTT) and purchased M16 rifle parts and tools as well as 20 M60 modification kits. The MMT conducted a six-week program of instruction that trained personnel from the CD Brigade on weapons maintenance. The MTT also assisted in performing needed maintenance on over 1,900 M16 rifles and conducted upgrades to twenty M60 machineguns. Weapons are being used by the CD Brigade personnel during eradication security interdiction and high value target operations. The COLMIL program maintains strict control procedures of USG-provided weapons and provides the NAS End Use Monitoring personnel with status reports on weapons and equipment bought for the CD Brigade with US funds.

Currently, assigned weapons and ammunition are monitored and inventories conducted by a designated contractor under oversight. Donated weapons are inventoried and inspected in accordance with End Use Monitoring (EUM) guidance and the Letter of Agreement (LOA) by USG advisers. In fiscal year 2008, USG donated to the Colombian Army Aviation Brigade 10 completed GAU 17 and 22 M-60 weapons assemblies.

Weapons-NAU/COLAR
Gau-17
20
M-4
10
M-60
25
M-60D
42
NVG
19
Pietro Beretta
35

Weapons-PSP
M-4
30
M-60
1
M-60D
42
NVG
44
Pietro Beretta
35

Weapons-CNP/Carabineros/EMCAR
M-16A2 1124
M-16A4 7240
M-203 764
M-249 659
M-4 298
M-60E3 171
Metal Detector 452
NVG 452
Pietro Beretta 909
Sig Sauer 198
Sniper Riffle 215

Program Impact

All donated USG items have had a direct, positive impact on the Colombian Public Forces whose mission are to locate and destroy narcoterrorists organizations (HCL labs, manual eradication of coca, HVT missions, terrorist camps etc.). Communications equipment, weapons, and vehicles provided much needed support to accomplish this mission. As a result of the continuous support from the NAS, this past year has proven to be the most successful year of GOC interdiction in history. For example, 3,539 HCL and base laboratories were destroyed and the GOC seized 223 metric tons of cocaine and coca base in 2008. Post's annual goals for aerial eradication were surpassed and the GOC manually eradicated more coca than any other period in its history (a total of 95,620 hectares).

For 2008, the total coca aerially eradicated in Colombia was 133,496 hectares; this success was due in large part to the positive impact of USG in support of the CNP aerial eradication program. During 2008, the CD Brigade secured a total of 86,273 hectares during aerial eradication and 4,408 during manual eradication operations. Investigations conducted by the CN counterparts, in conjunction with DEA, led to a record number of extraditions (208), including several high-profile extraditions, during 2008.

Communications Equipment
The communications support enabled host nation counterparts to enhance command and control at the tactical level and at the national level. The Thales MBITR radios have enabled ground-to-air communication. This has given the ground commanders nationwide communications in areas that do not normally allow for radio communications.

Computer Equipment
The computers and network devices have allowed host nation counterparts the ability to establish expanded data networks and to better organize mission critical information.

Weapons
USG assistance has allowed the CNP to continue to equip the Carabineros Mobile Squadrons (approx. 16,000 police) for assignment in rural Colombia where minimal security existed prior to August 2002. USG weapons support for the CNP Jungle and COLAR units have given them a significant tactical advantage over threats they encounter.

Construction Projects
The NAS' minor construction projects for rural police bases at La Uribe, Guateque and Plamonte are virtually complete and will be inaugurated in February 2009. Upon occupation by CNP personnel, these bases will allow the GOC to project and sustain a credible police presence in locations which enjoy little GOC control. Other important projects that enhance GOC capabilities and security are the Aviation Maintenance Facility in Tolemaida, upgrades to the CNP base's water system at Villa Garzon, and improvements underway at the Puerto Estrella police base.

Laboratory Equipment
The NAS has an agreement with the GOC Geographic Institute (IGAC) to build a laboratory and train personnel to analyze the presence of glyphosate in soil samples. The majority of the equipment was issued to IGAC in 2006; however, new items have been purchased to continue the creation of the laboratory. The NAS also has an agreement with the GOC National Health Institute (INS) to build a laboratory for training personnel to analyze water, blood and urine samples for glyphosate residue.

Aircraft
ARAVI aircraft and crews continued to play a significant role in providing support for spray operations. T-65 aircraft were withdrawn from Colombia, and now the one AT-802 Spray Package is supported by ARAVI gunships and SAR helicopters, while the other spray AT-802 Raptor Spray Package has CNP copilots and gunners. CNP gunships provide additional support for spray, interdiction and high value target missions. ARAVI provides aerial intelligence platforms and, with approval from the Embassy, supports all other vetted police units on a "when available" basis. The Citation SR-560 aircraft avionics have reached the end of their useful life. An upgrade program is underway and is expected to be completed by the end of 2009.

Vehicles
Vehicle transportation (especially trucks) support has proven to be a force multiplier with respect to the increased mobility of the counterdrug units. Most units are located in rural areas and do not have the means to meet the transportation needs. With the addition of the trucks, the HN has the capability to better meet the threats posed by these organizations.

Problems and Corrective Action Plan (CAP)

Unmonitored resources
Using a combination of primary and secondary methods, post monitored an additional 40% of the property donated to DIRAN programs. Using both methods for the CNP-Carabineros Program, an attempt to inspect the remaining 59 % will be done in 2009.

Re the Presidential Security Program, the NAS moved all program aspects to the RSO in September 2008.

On-site Inspections
The magnitude of the program makes it almost impossible to cover all areas. Scheduled on-site inspections planned for 2009 include nationalized projects, CNP/DIRAN and Carabineros/EMCAR sites not visited in previous years, and the CD Brigade. Random and unscheduled visits will be determined along the way as requested by program officers.

Secondary Methods of Monitoring Resource Status
When on-site inspections are not feasible due to time constraints, security reasons, level of operations, among others, comparison with host nation government written or computerized records with NAS inventory records will be done. There is known absence of an accurate inventory control with a unique procurement software program that makes it almost impossible to implement an effective monitoring program. EUM Coordinators are working on gathering as much information from the NAS and CNP databases at the International Cooperation Office called SICOI. This is expected to become the primary source for comparing program records to the inventory records supplied for CNP/DIRAN Interdiction, CNP's Air Service (ARAVI) and CNP/Carabineros.

Repair and Maintenance of Commodities
The high cost of maintenance and spare parts for some donated vehicles are presenting some fiscal and logistical challenges for the host nation due to lack of vendor facilities. The NAS is making every effort to donate only items that are compatible with the GOC logistical systems. Post anticipates future GOC budgets to be able to better support the maintenance of donated items.

Lack of Use and Misuse of Commodities
During the visit to DIRAN's operational units, the NAS EUM Coordinator found some minor equipment which showed a lack of use. The NAS Program Officer was advised of the problem and is redeploying the equipment to other units for better use. Two Ford F-350 trucks donated in 2003 to the Port Security Program were not being used as they had no legal registry to make them serviceable. The NAS EUM Coordinators provided the required documentation to process the license required to make them serviceable.

Other Problems
No other significant problems were noted. Items which could be more effectively used in other areas were identified and subsequently re-distributed. Equipment that is now obsolete or is no longer in working order was identified and excessed from the inventory list.

Document: FY2009 Section 1022(a) Report

Program: Section 1004 Counter-Drug Assistance

NATION: Colombia
PROJECT/BASE SUPPORT EFFORT: Supports the sustainment and expansion of Colombia's Initial Entry Rotary Wing (IERW) training base at Melgar, Colombia. School currently has a throughput of approximately 40 students per year to meet Colombia's rotary wing pilot requirements supporting both CN/CNT operations, Long-tenn US Southern Command and Government of Colombia objective is to expand the training capability at Melgar into a region International Initial Entry Rotary Wing (IIERW) capability that can meet and sustain Colombia's expanding rotary wing training requirements, as well as those of all Spanish speaking countries in the region. Intent is to reduce DoD funding assistance and foster regional interaction/engagement in the CN effort.
PROJECT CODE: 920I
FUNDING ($K): $l0,930K
DESCRIPTION: Funding provides for the sustainment of a Technical Assistance Field Training Team (TAFT) supporting both Melgar IERW helicopter training and the development of the Limited Aviation Depot (LAD) at Rio Negro. The LAD supports the repair of the "hot section" of the T-700 and T-53 engines. Operational support includes parts and fuel to sustain the 15 USG titled UH-l aircraft that are the primary helicopter training aircraft, a maintenance contract sustaining readiness rates above 75% for the UH-l's, and infrastructure that will facilitate and support the expansion of the IERW school at Melgar into a regional IIERW capability.
PROJECT TASKS:
TAFT ($1,200K) - advise and assist the COLAF/COLMIL in the management!
maintenance/operation/and planning associated with the operation of an IERW training capability, Program of Instruction and overall training certified as meeting DoD (Ft Rucker) standards.
LAD ($250K) - advises and assists the COLAF in the development of a focused depot level repair for the hot section of the T-700 (UH-60) and T-53 (UH-l) engines.
IERW operational support ($I,200K) - provide fuel ($400K) and parts ($800K) to augment Colombia's IERW capability. Fuel support terminates effective FY10.
IERW Maintenance ($3,980K) - train Colombian personnel in maintenance procedures on the UH-1 aircraft- and maintain the UH-I aircraft at a minimum 75% readiness. Expand operations to include the OH-58 aircraft in FY1O.
IERW Infrastructure ($4,300K) - Provide the minimal infrastructure needed to sustain an expanded IERW capability that includes an additional 24 IIERW students annually. Construction includes expanding the current kitchen in the dining facility, construction of an additional barracks and modular classrooms (4), and helicopter pads (4).
** Not shown is $1 ,800K that supports 13 USA civilian contractors providing Spanish pilot/maintenance training in support of US Southern Command's regional rotary wing training requirements.


NATION: Colombia
PROJECT/BASE SUPPORT EFFORT: Aviation. and riverine fuel in support of Colombian military CN/CNT operations.
PROJECT CODE: 9201
FUNDING ($K): $5,OOOK
DESCRIPTION: Funding augments both riverine and aviation fuel requirements sustaining CN/CNT operations. Riverine fuel augments Colombian Marine Corps (COLMAR) "brown water" operations at Puerto Carino and Tres Esquinas, and in direct support ofJTF-Omega riverine operations. Funding also provides a small portion of the fuel required to sustain : Colombian Navy (COLNA V) maritime interdiction operations on the Pacific coast using the DoD purchased Midnight Express boats. Aviation fuel directly supports base operations in Bogota, Apiay, and Rio Negro for those aircraft supporting JTF·Omega operations.
PROJECT TASKS:
Augment COLMAR and COLNAV maritime operations, as required, to sustain operations against CN/CNT targets ($1,500K)
Augment JTF-Omega fuel requirements, as required, to sustain operations ($3,500K)
**Funding for fuel will cease in FYlO with the exception of that needed to sustain maritime interdiction operations. All funding for fuel will cease after FYI 0 as the COLNA V increases its annual budget consistent with the Colombian fiscal year.

Document: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report

Program: International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement

U.S. Policy Initiatives and Programs Policy Initiatives. U.S. counternarcotics and rule of law programs in Colombia focus on disrupting the illicit drug trade, strengthening institutions and transferring additional operational and financial responsibilities to the GOC in a sustained manner. We will continue to support Colombian efforts to consolidate security and social assistance in several key priority areas, further develop the capabilities of rural police, promote the demobilization of former combatants and concentrate eradication resources in those areas where coca growth is the heaviest. Bilateral Cooperation. Colombia is a valued partner in the fight against illegal drugs. After the successes of Plan Colombia, the U.S. is maintaining a reduced but strong counternarcotics assistance program to solidify these gains. The adoption of new tactics by narcotics traffickers, including shifting coca cultivation and cocaine production to new, remote areas, and expanding cultivation into areas off-limits to the spray program, has enabled them to continue to produce and export cocaine in large quantities. In response, Colombia adjusted its approach to focus on establishing a sustainable government presence and integrated rural development in major coca growing and FARC-controlled regions. As Colombia increases its capacity to take and hold its territory from criminal groups, drug traffickers and terrorists, the U.S. will continue to support the GOC with airlift capacity to ensure support for interdiction and eradication as well as provide training and equipment for specialized and rural police units. Continued U.S. support for Colombia?s justice sector will be important to mitigating the drug trade, as well as improving the investigation and prosecution of human rights cases. Although illicit crop eradication programs were reduced in 2009 because of U.S. and GOC funding constraints, strong aerial and manual eradication programs remained important to achieving U.S. counternarcotics goals. Aerial and manual eradication operations were closely coordinated to complement each other and optimize capabilities. Aerial eradication helped eliminate coca in remote regions and in FARC-controlled areas that were too dangerous for manual eradication, prevents the FARC and other drug trafficking organizations from receiving revenue for coca cultivation, helps improve security in remote regions because of the presence of GOC forces and keeps drugs from flooding transit zone countries like Mexico. Eradication programs that were closely linked to alternative development remain a necessary component of a larger counternarcotics effort in Colombia. In an attempt to better coordinate the multiple aspects of reestablishing security in former conflict regions, support interdiction and eradication programs and provide socio-economic development, the U.S. supported the GOC?s National Consolidation Plan. To that end, U.S. security, counternarcotics and alternative development assistance was better sequenced in several strategic zones to ensure sustained eradication, permanent government presence and alternative livelihoods for those engaged in drug cultivation. In light of growing GOC institutional capacity, the U.S. transferred operational and financial responsibility, i.e., ?nationalization,? for several counternarcotics programs to GOC control. Significant progress in nationalizing aviation programs occurred, and additional support will be turned over to local control in a sustainable fashion over the next several years. Achievements in the nationalization program in 2009 included the title transfer of 17 UH-1N helicopters in the Colombian Army Aviation program, the assumption by the Colombian National Police for both helicopter support packages that are part of the aerial eradication program and the transfer of Air Bridge Denial program to GOC control. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) training activities in 2009 included a three-week International Task Force Agent Training (ITAT) course for 14 CNP DIJIN investigators at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Georgia, with a concentration on money laundering investigations. ICE supported GOC asset forfeiture efforts to attack transnational criminal organizations and the DIJIN money laundering investigative group that performed financial analysis on targets of interest for multiple U.S. federal law enforcement agencies. In September 2009, ICE Bogota coordinated an investigation into a multi-national criminal organization dedicated of smuggling bulk cash. This joint effort ultimately resulted in the seizure of $41 million at the seaport of Buenaventura, Colombia. Additionally, ICE Bogota coordinated efforts with ICE Mexico resulting in additional seizures totaling $11 million at the seaport of Manzanillo, Mexico. ICE?s Border Enforcement Security Taskforce (BEST) teams are multi-agency teams developed as a comprehensive approach to increasing information sharing among participating agencies in identifying, disrupting and dismantling criminal organizations posing significant threats to U.S. border security. BEST teams incorporate personnel from ICE, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Coast Guard, and the U.S. Attorney?s Office along with other key federal, state, local and foreign law enforcement agencies, to include Mexico, Canada, Colombia, and Argentina. ICE will post three Colombian National Police Officers in BEST units in San Diego, New York, and Miami for periods of two years. Cooperation between Colombia and the U.S. Coast Guard remains strong. The bilateral counternarcotics agreement with Colombia is utilized on a regular basis to conduct drug interdictions in the transit zone. Colombia is an active participant in the Multilateral Counterdrug Summit, which includes the participation of Panama, Mexico and Ecuador to work towards regional counternarcotics interoperability. In 2009, the bilateral agreement directly facilitated the interdiction of 7 Colombian flagged vessels. Additionally, the U.S. Coast Guard facilitated attendance for members of the Colombian Navy at the International Maritime Officer?s Course and the Chief Petty Officer Academy. Alternative Development. By September of 2009, U.S. and GOC alternative development programs had supported the cultivation of over 659,926 hectares of agricultural, forestry plantation and/or natural forest management activities and had completed approximately 1,290 social and productive infrastructure projects over the last seven years with communities that agree to remain illicit crop free. More than 439,276 families in 18 departments have benefited from these programs. Additionally, these projects have leveraged over $759 million in private and public sector funding for alternative development initiatives. Beginning in 2010, U.S. Agency for International Development-assisted alternative development programming will be aligned in large part with the GOC?s National Consolidation Plan. Support for Democracy and Judicial Reform. The U.S. is providing extensive assistance to reform and strengthen the criminal justice system and the rule of law in Colombia. The U.S. provided training and technical assistance to support the new roles of judges, prosecutors, forensic scientists, public defenders, and police investigators under the new accusatory system. This assistance focused on practical training, including crime scene management, investigation and prosecution strategy, interviewing witnesses, and courtroom proceedings. The program provided training to more than 60,000 prosecutors, judges, public defenders, criminal investigators, and forensic experts. Specialized training and assistance has also been provided to prosecutor and investigator units focusing on criminal cases in the areas of human rights, murder, sex crimes, money laundering, narcotics, corruption, intellectual property, and organized crime. Extensive forensic assistance in the areas of DNA, ballistics, false documents, courtroom testimony, and equipment and enhancement of forensic laboratories has been shared. Particular emphasis has been on the development of exhumation teams to properly exhume mass grave sites connected to investigations and confessions of paramilitary and guerilla groups, as well as to enhance DNA identification of victim remains. Assistance has also been provided for witness protection and court security. In order to increase access to justice for millions of Colombians, the U.S. assisted in refurbishing or building 45 physical court rooms in urban areas, 14 virtual court rooms in rural zones, and either refurbished or equipped 22 public defender offices. The GOC constructed with U.S. support 59 justice houses throughout Colombia that provided formal and informal justice sector services to over eight million Colombians. Military Justice. The GOC trained 48 judges and prosecutors in their Military Penal Justice Corps in 2009. This included a one-year course for eight Magistrates and ten certification exams for Military Tribunal Court Justices. The goal of this effort was to build capability for Magistrates and Prosecutors to convene military courts and adjudicate legal violations. The Rules of Engagement and Rules for the Use of Force (ROE/RUF) Initiative was a crucial part of U.S./GOC engagement. In addition, the U.S. is supporting a Colombian Military training program, which by the end of 2010, all Colombian ground troops and commanders will have received new training and support materials, reducing risk of human rights violations associated with military operations. The Colombian Military?s investigative capabilities are carried out by the Inspector General. U.S. assistance provided for the training of 90 Inspectors General (IGs) throughout the country. All U.S. engagement incorporates principles of respect for human rights and international humanitarian law.

Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010

Program: International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement

"FY 2010 Program

Support to the Colombia Military

Army Counterdrug Mobile Brigade (COLAR): Assistance to the Colombian Army Counterdrug Mobile Brigade supports both manual and aerial eradication as well as interdiction operations. In FY 2010, the U.S. intends to provide ammunition, communications equipment, training and transport for CD Brigade units. The COLAR CD Brigade directly supports aerial eradication in Colombia by increasing ground security in spray zones, which has greatly reduced ground fire targeting spray aircraft. In 2008, there were 115 ground fire hits against spray aircraft, down from 185 in 2007. The CD Brigade also conducts operations against high-value terrorist targets in the areas to be sprayed and destroys cocaine processing labs, storage facilities, and precursor chemicals.

Army Aviation Support: As part of U.S. and Colombian efforts to transfer greater financial and operational responsibility to local control, progress has been made in training Colombian COLAR mechanics and pilots as well as transferring title to several helicopters in this program. For example, the number of contractors within COLAR aviation has declined by approximately 50 percent, and the number of U.S.-supported helicopters within COLAR aviation has dropped from 76 to 34. A determination regarding the possible transfer of title for the remaining aircraft is being discussed with the Colombian Government.

In FY 2010, funding will provide maintenance and logistics support to COLAR aviation aircraft, continue training Colombian pilots and mechanics and ensure sufficient parts and equipment for the successful operation and nationalization of additional helicopters. COLAR aircraft provide necessary air mobility for the CD Brigade and continue to be the most reliable airlift capability for military units engaged in counternarcotics and counterterrorism operations. COLAR’s responsibilities include aviation support for interdiction, eradication, high-value target and humanitarian operations.

Air Bridge Denial (ABD): The nationalization of the ABD program is moving forward, and a two-year withdrawal of USG maintenance support is expected to be completed by December 2009. Since the program’s inception, ABD has provided the GOC the logistical and technical support to monitor its airspace and interdict unauthorized flights. Because of its success, which has helped reduce suspect narcotic flights over Colombia by more than 90 percent, ABD aircraft are also being used to conduct maritime patrols. USG funding in FY 2010 will be required to successfully complete the nationalization of the ABD program and provide flight safety training.

Navy Maritime Interdiction Support: FY 2010 funds will allow the Colombian Navy and Coast Guard to continue its expansion of operations along Colombia’s Pacific coast. This area is increasingly being used by drug traffickers to ship illegal narcotics to the United States. Assistance will strengthen forward operating bases, enhance radar detection capabilities and provide basic equipment and ammunition to interdiction units. Clandestine coastal interdiction operations along Colombia’s Caribbean coastline will receive limited support in FY 2010 since operations in this theater have already been established.

Support to the Colombian National Police

Aviation Support (ARAVI): This program directly supports the counternarcotics and counterterrorism mission of the Aviation Wing of the Colombian Antinarcotics Police (DIRAN). The USG-supported ARAVI program is one of the most flexible and responsive aviation programs in Colombia, providing transport aircraft, aerial and manual eradication escorts, logistical support and intelligence platforms for interdiction and eradication operations. FY 2010 funds will support a fleet of approximately 47 rotary-wing and 11 fixed-wing ARAVI aircraft. Funding for this program will cover ongoing logistical expenses and the maintenance of aircraft, while also continuing to improve the capabilities of DIRAN in the areas of communications, intelligence and data processing. Other major expenses in addition to the operation and maintenance of the aircraft will be training for Colombia National Police (CNP) mechanics and the purchase of spare parts, tools, contract labor maintenance, and aviation-related infrastructure costs. Additional funds will supply ammunition and armament for these aircraft.

Support for Eradication: Eradication of illicit crops is an important counternarcotics tool. The Colombian-led aerial eradication program will focus on those priority areas where coca growing is prevalent, and where coordination with security and alternative development programs is available. Aerial operations will be closely coordinated with manual eradication by the GOC to deter replanting and ensure that coca in areas that is too dangerous for manual eradication is destroyed. Manual eradication will also cover areas where aerial eradication is not available, such as in locations near the Ecuador/Colombia border and national parks.

Funding in FY 2010 will primarily support the operations and maintenance of the eradication air fleet (12 AT-802 spray planes, 8 UH-1N helicopters, 3 C-27 cargo planes and 2 Cessna 208s), which includes contracting spray pilots, helicopter crews and maintenance personnel. Funds will also go toward the purchase of herbicide used for the spraying of coca, support contract costs, conduct environmental monitoring, purchase equipment for manual eradication, training of AT-802 mechanics and cover operational expenses for spray verification missions.

As with other INL-supported programs, nationalization of eradication operations is underway. Currently, 12 CNP AT-802 technicians have been trained and 30 are in training. A more complete AT-802 technician training program is under development with plans to have a comprehensive CNP AT-802 maintenance program in place by 2011. At that time, 90 technicians will be trained and capable of maintaining the AT-802 fleet. Eight CNP pilots and co-pilots are currently being trained in order to fully nationalize the pilots of the Cessna 208 by mid-2009.

Support for Interdiction: CNP capabilities to seize drugs have increased over the last several years with U.S. support. In FY 2010, the majority of expenditures under this line item will go directly to commodities and training that will continue to enhance the ability of the CNP to interdict illicit drugs before they leave Colombia. Support will upgrade existing DIRAN interdiction facilities and assist in establishing DIRAN in priority areas, particularly in northwest and northeast Colombia. USG assistance in FY 2010 will also continue to support in country and training at U.S. military and commercial institutions for DIRAN’s 20 operational companies and three airmobile interdiction companies (Junglas). Support is also 266 FY 2010 INL Program and Budget Guide provided to DIRAN’s Port Security Program, which interdicts drugs transiting through Colombia’s commercial air and sea ports.

Carabineros

Rural policing is vital to the GOC’s ability to retain control of remote or former conflict areas. Establishing a police presence in these regions helps disrupt the growth and distribution of illegal drugs, combat and capture FARC and other illegal armed groups and create an environment conducive to the return of the displaced and the provision of other social services.

U.S. support in FY 2010 will go towards the seventy 120-man Mobile Carabineros Squadrons that conduct rural patrols, provide protection for manual eradication, road interdiction and other missions. Funding will help equip these squadrons with the tools necessary to conduct policing operations in jungle and remote terrain. Communications equipment, specialized arms and ammunition and vehicles such as trucks and motorcycles will be provided. Funds will also be used to construct, renovate and harden CNP stations in rural areas and provide limited training and essential equipment to police.

Critical Flight Safety Program (CFSP)

CFSP supports both eradication and interdiction missions by helping ensure the safety and flight worthiness of INL-titled aircraft operating in Colombia. In FY 2010, the Colombia CFSP will provide ongoing life cycle fleet management with the induction of the following aircraft for depot maintenance: 4 fixed wing aircraft (2 AT 802s, 1 C-208, and 1 C-27); 5 rotary wing aircraft (1 Huey-II helicopter and 4 UH-60 helicopters); and 5 Huey-II helicopters for wiring upgrades. We will also procure one attrition fixed wing spray aircraft, two attrition helicopters, and three Huey-II engines and continue the Aircraft/Aircrew Safety upgrade program.
"

Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010

Program: International Narcotics Control Economic Aid

"FY 2010 Program

Judicial Reforms Program

Training and technical assistance for investigators, judges, prosecutors, and forensic experts will continue to be provided to improve the effectiveness of the new criminal justice system. Training will work to ensure that institutions and officials throughout Colombia are capable of effective investigations, to improve the prosecution and conviction of criminal offenders, particularly criminal and terrorist organizations, and to address public corruption, as well as those involved in serious human rights offenses. To help the Colombian Government continue the investigation and prosecution of human rights cases, training for the Colombian Attorney General's Office will continue.

Other Programs to Promote the Rule of Law

Since 2002, more than 50,000 persons have demobilized either under the GOC's individual or collective demobilization programs. INL assistance is focused on the GOC Ministry of Defense's Individual Deserter Program and provides support for a highly skilled team of Colombian legal, political and communications advisors. U.S. assistance in FY 2010 will also help coordinate a wide-ranging network of data collection activities and communication projects. Information shared by demobilized individuals helps support Colombian security operations as well as provides testimony for cases in both the Colombian and U.S. justice systems.

To increase the GOC's ability to combat the illegal proceeds of drug traffickers and other financial crimes, the U.S. will continue its training and technical assistance to GOC investigative and prosecutorial units, focusing on combating money laundering and other financial crimes. In support of Colombia's 2008 National Plan to Reduce Drug Consumption, the U.S. will provide assistance to help reduce drug consumption in Colombia through education programs. Recently, the Drug Demand Reduction (DDR) office has supported the release of four drug demand prevention commercials, successful roundtables 267 Western Hemisphere for youth and journalists, inclusion of more than 44,000 children in a DDR drawing contest, and other activities. Over the next five years, the DDR office will work on continuing to complement other NAS initiatives in vulnerable areas, integrate existing resources, expand and institutionalize existing programs while ensuring their sustainability by Colombian entities, build coalitions of DDR actors, and educate the children and the public on drug use implications."

Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010

Program: International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement

"Program Objectives and Performance Indicators

Disrupt Illicit Drugs

In FY 2010, the United States will maintain support for aggressive interdiction operations that cover land, sea and air routes as well as Government of Colombia-led eradication programs that provide resources for targeted aerial and manual eradication. Maritime interdiction will continue to be expanded along Colombia’s Pacific coastline, and existing interdiction programs covering Colombia’s Caribbean coast will be strengthened. Aerial eradication of illegal drug crops will remain an important tool in a larger counternarcotics strategy, and is needed to reach areas where manual eradication is not possible because of terrain or safety concerns. Eradication will also help counter the replanting of coca, and ensure that cultivation in border areas, national parks and indigenous reserves is addressed.

• Colombia’s capacity to fight against terrorists involved in the drug trade, drug cartels and illegally armed groups is enhanced.
• Potential cocaine and heroin production is reduced and there is a decrease of coca and opium poppy cultivation to a non-commercial level.
• Illegal drugs are interdicted at current high levels.
• Drug producing laboratories are identified and destroyed to prevent the processing of cocaine and heroin, which helps deny funding for drug traffickers and terrorists.
• Government of Colombia (GOC) control in the Pacific coastal zones is increased.
• The GOC's ability to investigate, arrest, prosecute, and convict drug traffickers is enhanced. Drug traffickers are extradited to the United States.

• Ensured sustainability of programs that are nationalized.

Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010

Program: International Narcotics Control Economic Aid

"Program Objectives and Performance Indicators

Strengthen Institutions

Enhance police presence and rule of law throughout Colombia and increase access and transparency of the judicial system.

Police presence is strengthened in priority areas.

• Former paramilitary members and terrorists are demobilized and reintegrated into society or prosecuted.


• Additional judges, prosecutors and investigators are trained to operate within the oral accusatory system of justice.


• Improved capability of Colombian Attorney General's Human Rights Unit and Justice and Peace Unit, which includes developing forensic expertise within these units to process mass graves and other sensitive criminal cases.

Document: Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program and Budget Guide, Fiscal Year 2010

Program: International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement

"Program Accomplishments

Colombia continues to achieve record interdiction results. In 2008, approximately 224 metric tons of cocaine hydrochloride (HCl) and coca base was seized, which surpasses the 191 metric tons interdicted in 2007. Additionally, sustained actions against coca refining operations resulted in the destruction of 3,238 coca base labs and 301 major cocaine HCl labs in 2008. Colombia's USG-supported eradication programs also produced record totals for a fifth consecutive year. In 2008, more than 229,000 hectares of coca were eradicated by both aerial and manual means (133,496 aerially and 95,732 manually). The sustained eradication 263 Western Hemisphere efforts have not only denied terrorists revenue from the drug trade, but kept illegal narcotics from reaching U.S. streets. Current estimates indicate that eradication has helped lower productivity of coca fields, and from 2001 to 2007, pure cocaine potential production decreased 24 percent from 700 metric tons to 535 metric tons. Colombia also eradicated about 381 hectares of opium poppy in 2008.

While U.S. assistance to the Air Bridge Denial (ABD) program is able to be reduced because of successful nationalization, ABD operations continue to provide the GOC the ability to maintain control of its airspace and reduce the number of illegal flights over Colombia. For example, in 2003, 637 suspected and known illegal flights over Colombia occurred while in 2008, there were only 57. In light of the program's success, ABD aircraft are also being used to conduct maritime patrols. In coordination with maritime interdiction efforts, sixteen vessels were impounded and one scuttled by its crew with the support of ABD aircraft in 2008. The GOC's battle against the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and other drug trafficking and terrorist organizations continues to produce significant results. Several high-level FARC leaders were killed or captured during 2008, including FARC commander Luis Edgar Devia-Silva aka, Raul Reyes, who was killed during a Colombian government operation. The development of the GOC's military capabilities and skills were also evidenced by its rescue of fifteen hostages, including three American contractors in July 2008. Several other notorious former paramilitary leaders and drug traffickers were apprehended or killed in 2008, including former United Self-Defense Special Forces (AUC) commanders and brothers Miguel and Victor Munera. In April 2009, U.S.-trained and equipped Colombian special police (the Junglas) captured Daniel Rendon Herrera, aka “Don Mario”, who was one of Colombia's most wanted drug traffickers. The GOC's cooperation in extraditing drug traffickers and criminals to the United States increased in 2008. During this period, a record 208 individuals were extradited to the U.S., including fifteen former senior AUC leaders...."

Document: PANAMAX: Teamwork against terrorism

Program: Exercises

Fuerzas Aliadas PANAMAX is an annual exercise tailored to the defense of the Panama Canal against transnational threats. PANAMAX 2009 is designed to address a spectrum of possible threats, including terrorist acts against the canal, to ensure a multinational force can respond to any request for support from the Government of Panama while respecting national sovereignty.

Fuerzas Aliadas PANAMAX is an annual exercise tailored to the defense of the Panama Canal against transnational threats. PANAMAX 2009 is designed to address a spectrum of possible threats, including terrorist acts against the canal, to ensure a multinational force can respond to any request for support from the Government of Panama while respecting national sovereignty.

Ultimately Fuerzas Aliadas PANAMAX is about working together and learning from each other in order to promote trust and foster willingness for continued collaboration and teamwork. PANAMAX offers the opportunity to strengthen the ability to operate together which ultimately strengthens security of the hemisphere.

Participants and observers include forces from Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the United States and Uruguay. The ground portion of the exercise is being conducted at Fort Sam Houston and Camp Bullis, both in San Antonio from Sept. 13-21.

Document: 2007 End-Use Monitoring Report

Program: International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement

Procedures

Consultations with counterparts

The NAS held regular working meetings with Government of Colombia (GOC) counterparts to discuss operations and the status of USG provided assets. The three entities which receive the bulk of INL-provided resources are the CNP Antinarcotics Directorate (DIRAN), its aviation wing (ARAVI), and the Colombian Army (COLAR). Among those counterparts were the Colombian National Police (CNP) Anti-Narcotics Division (DIRAN), its aviation component (ARAVI), and the Colombian Army Aviation Unit (COLAR). The NAS obtained selected GOC inventories of USG-provided equipment to compare with NAS records, ensuring donated materials were accounted for properly. During 2007, the EUM coordinator along with the CNP Cooperation International performed joint site visits to 36 EMCAR squadrons around Colombia to check commodities against inventory and purchase documents from NAS and the CNP.

NAS Program Manager Responsibilities

Each NAS Program Manager, in coordination with the NAS EUM, is responsible for the reviews of support provided to the program he/she oversees. The NAS tailors the technology and methods for tracking support to the size and scope of each program, ranging from simple hand receipts to spreadsheets to bar-coding and electronic databases. American Direct Hire (USDH) and American contract (USPSC) personnel are responsible for contributing to the annual report, using the results of site visits and inventory checks. USG-provided equipment managed by contractors is also covered by the EUM process.

NAS Bogota EUM Resources

The NAS Management Section has an EUM Coordinator and EQ Reporting Officers who assists program staff with the EUM program, supported by the NAS Audit Unit. The EUM Coordinator implemented updated monitoring procedures, carried out inventory checks and audits, and oversaw the disposal of surplus and hazardous materials. The EUM coordinator also confirmed and evaluated the methods used to check the inventory at different locations throughout Colombia.

CNP ARAVI

Non-expendable assets provided to CNP ARAVI which require monitoring includes aircraft, vehicles, weapons, computers, construction intrusion detection equipment, and communications equipment. Expendable resources provided to ARAVI, includes fuels, oils, lubricants, and ammunition. The Lockheed-Martin Company (LM) supported aircraft maintenance under a contract with INL.

NAS Aviation Unit

The NAS Aviation Unit (NAU) met its annual EUM requirements, verifying the location and condition of 2,056,274 accountable property items valued at $40,929,923.94. The EUM task included reviewing NAU property book items, DynCorp International (DI) property book, and field visits. Both DynCorp and the NAU have completed their 100% annual inventory. The Department of State INL Property Book Officer visited Colombia in November to verify DynCorp's property management procedures. He did not identify any major discrepancies with the DynCorp or NAU management procedures.

Institutional Contractor Support

NAS has a total of 1,347 personnel including USDH and USPSC staff; American, Colombian, and third country national contract personnel employed under contracts with LM; Contracting, Consulting, Engineering (CCE); Dyncorp (DI); Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC); and Olgoonik Logistics LLC. These institutional contractors are an integral part of the NAS programs and actively participate in monitoring the use of USG-provided equipment, conducting inventories and preparing status reports on program assets.

NAS Assistance to Other USG Agencies

NAS assistance to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) for counternarcotics (CN) programs covers support to such GOC agencies such as the Colombian Department of Administrative Security (DAS), Judicial Police Directorate (DIJIN), Antinarcotics Intelligence Unit (ANTIN), Special Investigation, the Colombian Navy (COLNAV) Intelligence Unit, and the Colombian Air Force (COLAF) Intelligence Unit.

Along with the NAS, DEA, Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF); Immigration Customs Enforcement (ICE)Units (SIU), Presidential Security Program (PSP); and the Justice Sector Reform Program (JSRP); all maintain databases of equipment donated to their counterpart agencies. Those databases identify items by brand, model, serial number, location, and condition. All agencies conducted random unscheduled visits to ensure that all USG-funded assets were accounted for and being used for their intended purposes.

Status

Aircraft

The Colombian National Police (CNP) Eradication Program and Colombian Army (COLAR) Aviation Program, both managed by the NAS Aviation Unit (NAU) and supported by a contract with DynCorp, were major recipients of INL-funded support. NAS Bogota and the INL Air Wing (INL/A) conducted regular program reviews to ensure that aircraft were being used for their designated purposes and that the contractor was complying with all contract support requirements. There are currently 188 aircraft for all programs.

While the GOC has operational control of USG-provided aircraft, the USG retains title. The Letter of Agreement (LOA) specifies the authorized use for all aircraft. Any other use, such as disaster relief or humanitarian operations, must be approved by the Embassy. The CNP and COLAR provide regular status reports to the NAS. The NAS conducts random reviews of flight logs for all USG-supported aircraft.

ERADICATION PROGRAM

Helicopters

Fixed wing

10 UH-1N's

Two T-65's

Ten AT-802's

Seven OV-10's

Four C-27's

Two C-208's

COLAR Helicopters

Twenty-two UH-1N

Twenty-one UH-1N II

Five K-1200 Thirteen UH-60L

One Foreign Service program manager, five Personal Services Contract advisors, four locally engaged staff, as well as four additional contract staff working for the embassy and several contractor personnel from Lockheed Martin (LM) and CCE all participated in monitoring ARAVI assets. The NAS held regular meetings with ARAVI and DIRAN administrative operations, and intelligence officials to discuss the status of USG-provided assets.

The NAS compared CNP and other GOC written and computerized data with its own records to assess the proper use of resources. Seven NAS LES voucher examiners analyzed purchase documents for CN items purchased through USG-funded accounts. NAS personnel worked closely with the CNP inventory team. All AVARI equipment and armaments are recorded in the Advanced Maintenance Management System (AMMS) database.

NAS advisers received daily aircraft status reports, engine repair reports, and procurement status updates, focusing particularly on aircraft-on-the ground (AOG) issues. Two NAS locally contracted Colombian fuel advisers monitored purchases, deliveries, and use of NAS-purchased fuel at all bases and airports. The NAS Audit Section completed an audit of fuel records on September 2007.

The USG-supported CNP fleet flew 20,905 hours in CY-2007. The CNP complied with the requirements to seek Embassy authorization when using assets for non-counternarcotics missions, e.g., counter insurgency operations, high value targets, or the evacuation of wounded security services personnel.

The ARAVI aircraft inventory changed during CY-07 for a variety of reasons:

On July 14, a NAS-supported UH-1H II, titled to the USG and operated by the CNP crashed during a maintenance test flight mission and was a complete loss. There was one fatality.

On October 2, a NAS-supported UH-1H II titled to the USG and operated by the CNP crashed during a training mission and was a complete loss. There were no fatalities.

In April, four (4) UH-1H-II helicopters were added to the fleet.

ARAVI Aircraft

Helicopters

Fixed wing

One H530FF

Two DHC6-300's

One H500

One C-99

Three 206B's

Five DC-3's

One 206L

One C-208's

One 206L3's

Two C-26A's

Eleven B212's

Four C-26B's

Seven UH-60L's

Three C-152's

Thirty-three Huey II's

The Air Bridge Denial (ABD) Program-The ABD manages five Citation 560 tracker aircraft loaned to the Colombian Air Force (COLAF), two SR-26 reconnaissance aircraft which were delivered to the COLAF after upgrading of reconnaissance equipment, and one Cessna 182 support aircraft to suppress illicit aerial traffic in narcotics drugs and psychotropic substances over Colombia. Both SR-26s were given by the USG to COLAF in 1998 under the 506 drawdown program. Aircrews are provided by the COLAF. Aircraft maintenance and safety monitors are provided by the USG through a contract with ARINC Engineering Services. Oversight is provided through a program manager at the NAS.

AIR BRIDGE DENIAL

Five Citation 560's

One Cessna 182

Two C-26's

Aviation Fuel

NAS program funds provided jet fuel, aviation gasoline, and methanol (fuel additive for C-26 aircraft) for all NAS-supported aircraft. During 2007, the CNP fuel office delivered fuel to over 30 eradication and interdiction missions totaling approximately 6,304 flight hours throughout Colombia. The NAS supplied 2,997,041 gallons of A1 jet fuel, aviation gasoline, and methanol to the aircraft programs valued at $9,039,166. as of October 31, 2007.

The NAS also supplied 44,319 gallons of regular gasoline and 10,017 gallons of diesel fuel to CNP vehicles with a total value of $147,155.00.

The NAS installed fuel recuperation tanks at three semi-fixed sites. Four additional portable fuel recuperation tanks have been locally fabricated for deployed sites for recycling drained fuel. Recycling drained fuel should result in annual savings of $34,000. Waste fuel and oil is very difficult to dispose of locally. Local fuel companies do not always adhere to environmental laws for disposal. Environmentally safe fuel burners have been installed at five fixed sites to burn accumulated waste fuel and oils.

The NAS provided equipment to the CNP to establish an in-house capacity for a fuel equipment calibration program. The testing laboratory and staff training should was completed in August 2007.

Construction

The NAS construction unit was staffed in 2007 by three architects and one civil engineer. The unit manages all phases of NAS-funded construction projects including contract administration and advice to GOC on projects requirements and maintenance issues. Under the EUM program, NAS construction unit staff conducted site visits to ensure that U.S. funded facilities were being used for their intended purposes.

The CY-2007 construction program is vastly reduced in scope compared to the Plan Colombia peak between CY-2002 and CY-2005. The NAS nonetheless conducted an active program of 22 small projects throughout Colombia valued at $3,660.065.

In 2007, the NAS supported construction of the Plan Colombian Helicopter Program (PCHP) at the COLAR base in Tolemaida including heliports, containers, soil studies, repair shops for UH-60 helicopters, waiting room for C-27 passengers, and fuel tanks, as well as classrooms, offices and sanitary rooms at the Air Force Base at Melgar.

For the CNP/Interdiction and Eradication program at the CNP bases in Apartado, Santa Marta, Tres Esquinas, Tumaco, Tulua, and Bogota including communication rooms and towers, there were security improvements, contention areas, furniture, runway improvements and repairs, maintenance and repair of communication towers, and an emergency generator.

The Carabineros program provided support at the Carabineros base at Pijaos and at Bogota, including soil samples and construction for an underground water well, upgrades of the NVG laboratory, bathrooms, and for the Carabineros bases at Guateque, La Uribe, and Piamonte police base construction (barracks, office, diner, and guarding post).

At the Forward Operating Base (FOB) in Larandia, security improvements included an upgraded weaponry bunker and repairs of the runway.

In the remote Vichada department in Cumaribo, the NAS completed runway repairs and barracks/quarters upgrades to ensure safe and sanitary conditions for eradication missions during CY-2007.

In Bogota, the Presidential Security Program installed a closed circuit camera system at El Palacio de Nario.

Vehicles

INL provides funds for vehicles which the NAS in turn distributes to a variety of NAS and Department of Justice (DOJ) programs which manage counternarcotics support to host country agencies. In CY-2007, the vehicles went to host country agencies as follows: four (4) to NAU COLAR and Eradication, fifteen (15) to Overseas Prosecutorial Development Assistance and Training (OPDAT), ten (10) to NAS CNP OPS, and one hundred twenty (120) to NAS CNP Interdiction. All 154 vehicles added in CY-2007 are in good condition.

Type

QTY

Minivans

1

Vans

16

Tractor

3

Automobiles

61

Trucks

99

Taxis

7

Armored SUVs Level 3

5

Armored SUV's Level 5

20

Pickup Trucks

153

Golf Cart

1

Motorcycles

267

Watercraft

5

SUVs

26

Gators

5

Total

669

In CY-2007, the NAS provided 182 CNP DIRAN vehicles with fuel and routine maintenance. The vehicles are dispersed throughout Colombia and used in CNP counternarcotics operations including activities such as transporting officials and operational personnel to interdiction and eradication sites; transferring program materials; performing surveillance; pursuing arrests; and detailing members of narcoterrorist and illegally armed groups.

NAS oversight of the CNP vehicles and fuels program is direct and extensive. An automotive engineer who serves as a Vehicle Maintenance Adviser monitors vehicle use and vehicle location, and operates a database that documents maintenance, performance and fuel consumption. The advisor also provides CNP personnel with basic training in safety, maintenance, recordkeeping and establishes in-house CNP vehicle support capability since the support for these vehicles came to an end December 31, 2007.

Type

QTY

Ambulance

2

Automobile

8

Pickups

68

SUVs

18

Light truck

26

Vans

10

Bus

6

4x4

6

Fork lift

2

Motorcycle

29

Tank truck

6

Total

82

The NAS manages a motor pool and provides oversight for all vehicles assigned to DynCorp International (DI) as Government Furnished Equipment (GFE). All vehicles are in satisfactory condition. The NAU and DI conduct an annual one hundred percent inventory review (or accounting) in accordance with established procedures.

NAS interdiction program managers provide vehicular support to Colombian counterparts with 24 sedans and 87 motorcycles.

CNP units outside of the DIRAN also received some vehicle support. These units provide periodic inventories and status reports to NAS program managers who work with the audit unit to resolve any problems.

Defense Articles

The NAS provided arms and ammunition to the CNP and COLAR. These items were monitored through access controls and inventories of USG-provided weaponry. The NAS Weapons Adviser monitors the use and operational status of donated weapons. The NAS staff performs regular inventories to ensure that all weapons are accounted for and provides detailed information on location, type of weapon, and condition.

There are strict controls over weapons provided to the CNP by the USG. The LOA specifically requires the host nation to notify the NAS immediately of any lost or damaged weapons and all investigations related to USP-provided weapons. CNP units that receive weapons support provide monthly inventories and status reports which are reviewed by NAS program managers.

NAU weapons and ammunition are issued and controlled by the INL/A contractor. NAS-funded ammunition provided to the PCHP is monitored and accounted for on a daily basis by U.S. contractors.

ARAVI received aircraft-mounted and small arms weapons, as well as weapons training, funded by security assistance programs. A total of 1.3 million dollars was spent on GAU-17A weapon spare and replacement parts. In 2006, two million rounds of 7.62 mm linked ammunition for GAU-17 miniguns and M-60 machine guns were provided to support eradication and interdiction missions. An FMS case has been established to procure 100% MIL-Spec ammunition, but has a lead tine of 2 years for delivery.

A total of 65 GAU-17/MK44 weapon systems have been upgraded. The M60D weapon system will be replaced by the M-240D gun system. The four (4) GAU-19 weapons were nationalized to the CNP and NAS support was withdrawn.

The strict controls over USG-provided Defense Articles extend to night vision goggles (NVG). Any unit that receives weapons or NVG support must prepare monthly inventories and status reports, which are reconciled by NAS program managers.

Communications Equipment

All NAS host nation, counterpart agencies that received communications equipment provided inventories and status reports upon request. Equipment includes two-way radios, portable satellite phones, digital hybrid IP PBX, radio C-5000, and VHS transmitter receivers. Comparison of NAS records with analysis of Colombian inventories showed no major discrepancies. The NAS employs a US PSC Communications Advisor who aides the CNP and other GOC entities in identifying requirements, conducting training, and monitoring program implementation. The advisor also works with host nation counterparts to develop a nation-wide strategy for regional and tactical communications support.

In CY-07, ARAVI operations received secure aircraft radios, cellular phones, and a new computerized aircraft tracking system. There are now secure communications between aircraft and ground units. All aircraft in flight are automatically monitored by a secure internet-based system that tracks location, speed, altitude, and alternate communications options in case of emergency.

The Andean Counterdrug Initiative and Special Investigative Unit program funding supports a wide variety of communications equipment such as interceptors, radios, and recorders in locations throughout Colombia. DEA agents work closely with the GOC units that receive this equipment to ensure proper use.

DI, the NAU Eradication and the PCHP program contractor have a section that manages all communications equipment used by DI in the two programs. All equipment is in satisfactory condition. The contractor issues equipment to personnel using hand receipts and conducts an annual one hundred percent inventory as stipulated in the contract.

The NAU Logistics and Facilities Section monitors the use of communications equipment assigned to the NAU Program Advisors. Equipment is tracked in the NAU property book, and accountability is enforced through an annual one hundred percent property inventory review and inspection process.

Computer Equipment

USG-provided computer equipment forms the backbone of systems for detecting, tracking, identifying, removing and/or detaining narco-terrorists in Colombia. NAS PSC advisors monitored USG-provided computer equipment used to maintain CNP ARAVI logistics, maintenance, training, and aircrew flight records. GOC recipients have provided inventories and status reports upon request. The NAS Management Section employs a computer programmer and two computer specialists who assist program staff and GOC counterparts with maintenance and technical support and aid in identifying requirements for new and upgraded systems and databases.

NAS computer equipment was inventoried as part of the annual inventory inspection. Lost, damaged, or destroyed items (LDD) were reported in accordance with State Department regulations and procedures. The NAS Audit unit oversaw the disposal of LDD items. DI has a separate IT section that manages all IT equipment DI uses in support of both the Eradication and PCHP programs. All IT equipment is in satisfactory condition. The contractor controls IT equipment issued to contract personnel using hand receipts and conducts an annual one hundred percent inventory as stipulated in the contract. The NAU Logistics and Facilities Section monitors the use of IT equipment assigned to NAU program advisers. NAU IT property is tracked in the NAU property book, and accountability is enforced through the annual one hundred percent property inventory and inspection.

NAS program managers supported Colombian counterparts with a variety of IT equipment including tactical rugged laptops, desktops, digital cameras, network switches, printers, and servers. The GOC units receiving computer support have provided the requested inventories and status reports.

Miscellaneous Equipment

ARAVI installed Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) at five fixed bases, completing full installation plans. Extensive repairs were made to systems damaged by operator error and lightning strikes. The Santa Maria Intrusion Detection Equipment (IDE) system control room and barracks fire detection system were damaged due to an authorized CNP connection. They are awaiting CNP National Funding to repair the systems.

NAU miscellaneous equipment was reconciled as part of the annual inventory inspection. LDD items were reported in accordance with State Department regulations and procedures. The NAS audit unit oversaw the disposal of LDD items.

INL funding channeled through DOJ provided digital cameras and video cameras to the Office of the Attorney General (Fiscalia) and law enforcement agencies throughout Colombia to enhance the effectiveness of investigations. The equipment is being properly maintained and in good condition.

Impact

Aerial Eradication Program

The Colombia Army Counterdrug Brigade (CD) provides three important services that support U.S. objectives in Colombia: protection of aerial eradication missions; drug interdiction missions; and occasional missions against high-value targets (HVTs).

For CY-07, the aerial eradication program set a goal of 160,000 hectares. As of December 11, 2007, they had sprayed nearly 151,000 hectares. The CD Brigade ground support secured 96,691 hectares during spray operations through mid December. In addition, as of December 11, the CD Brigade seized over 1.5 metric tons of coca paste, destroyed 35 HCL labs and 323 coca base labs, in addition to destroying 191,175 gallons of liquid precursors and 178,303 of solid precursors. Without NAS funding and support, the CD Brigade would not be able to maintain the level of readiness and professionalism needed for these critical missions, and the Brigade would not have seen such impressive results.

The ABD program has reduced considerably the number of illegal tracks from 50 a month to two per month. The location of the tracks has also changed significantly. At the beginning of the program, illegal tracks were seen throughout Colombia but now they are seen mostly at the border of Venezuela and near the Caribbean coast. The use of ABD aircraft in a maritime patrol role has been successful. Several illegal boats have been confiscated with a few tons of cocaine and supplies.

Vehicles

U.S. vehicle support to Colombia is a proven force multiplier, increasing the mobility of counternarcotics units. Most counternarcotics units operate in remote rural areas without paved roads. The trucks give the Colombians the means to mobilize rapidly against terrorist elements. They can now locate, close in on, fire on, and outmaneuver the enemy. Continued U.S. support is crucial to increasing the units' success against the narcoterrorist organizations. Just one significant example is the donation of NAS-purchased sedans and motorcycles for Intel purposes.

ARAVI

CY-2007 was another record year for eradication of illicit crops in Colombia. ARAVI aircraft and crews continued to play a significant role in providing support for spray operations. T-65 operations are wholly supported by ARAVI gun ships and Search and Rescue (SAR) helicopters. All other spray operations, using AT-802 and OV-10 aircraft, have CNP copilots and gunners. CNP "Halcon" gunships provide additional cover. They were instrumental in rescuing the crew of a downed eradication helicopter. AVARI participated in security support operations for Colombian congressional and presidential elections and continued to play a role in numerous interdiction operations. ARAVI provides aerial intelligence platforms and, with Embassy approval, supports other police units when assets are available.

Aircraft Support

The benefit of U.S. funded air support in Colombia cannot be overstated. Given the size and geographic diversity of Colombia, air support is essential to CNP efforts. In CY-2007, the aerial eradication program sprayed 160,000 hectares (gross, unadjusted)

Under the aerial monitoring provided by the ABD program, the number of illegal tracks was reduced to nearly half the number compared to the outset of the ABD program. The location of tracks has also changed significantly. At the beginning of the program, illegal tracks were found throughout Colombia, but are now confined primarily to northern areas on the Venezuelan border and near the Caribbean coast.

DOJ Programs

INL funding for DOJ programs is key component of the total support to the Fiscalia and GOC law enforcement agencies of Colombia. Equipment donations, training efforts, unit development, and on-site technical assistance all increase GOC abilities to investigate and prosecute crime.

Environmental Programs

The NAS Environmental Program's support to the CNP ranges all the way from air resources, equipment, and smoke grenades to such basic items as lodging and meals for verification teams or Colombian environmental compliance personnel in the field, thus ensuring that missions comply with the Environmental Management Plan. Environmental compliance is crucial to continued government and public support of the aerial eradication program.

In 2007, the NAS and the CNP completed two verification trips, five monitoring and 14 damage claims trips.

The CNP Pijaos experimental plot received NAS-funded equipment and infrastructure support in CY-06 and now has a functioning 2,000 plant coca plot. Under the oversight of the NAS eradication policy adviser, the experimental plot is used to conduct tests on glyphosate mixtures, to measure the timing and effectiveness of aerial spraying, and to evaluate the efficacy of pruning and replanting efforts by local growers. All the data obtained from these experiments will serve as important indicators in evaluating the overall success of the eradication program.

Explosives Equipment

By establishing new standards, training, and protocols, the ATF Explosives Program directly supported the creation of 74 explosives units around the country, 62 bomb squads, and 12 explosive investigative units, all of which have proven very effective in combating terrorism. Since the start of the ATF Explosives Program in CY-02, the fatalities among bomb technicians during "render safe" procedures dropped substantially. From six fatalities in 2002, the rate dropped to zero facilities in CY-03 and CY-04. There was only one fatality in CY-05 and CY-06. There were no fatalities in 2007.

Communications Equipment

The NAS USPSC Communications Adviser supports the CNP and other GOC entities in identifying requirements, conducting training, and monitoring program implementation. Communications support enabled Colombian counterparts to improve command and control performance both at the tactical level and at the national level. Satellite iridium phones and ICOM, Inc. air-to-ground radios enabled the man on the ground to communicate with aircraft and gave ground commanders nationwide communications, which is especially important in the jungle.

Computers and network devices donated to Colombian units allowed the establishment of limited expanded data networks, facilitating the timely movement of critical information.

Reentry into Society Program

NAS assistance to GOC ministries under the Reentry Into Society Program (RIS) for demobilized combatants had a noticeable impact. Valuable intelligence for deserters prevented terrorist actions, aided criminal prosecutions in Colombia and the United States and led to the discovery and seizure of weapons, explosives, drugs, and other illegal material.

PSP Programs

All GOC counterpart agencies have responded favorably to the entire range of Presidential Security Program (PSP) support, advice, training, and equipment. This includes on-the-spot advice on protection operations and security assessments, formal training for all protection personnel, and provision of security-related equipment. The Vice President of Colombia stated in December of 2007 that without the PSP, neither he nor President Uribe would likely be alive today. Funding for this PSP program expires in September 2008. The program will be phased out by the end of the fiscal year.

Problems

Communications Equipment

All aircraft except for the Bell-212 fleet have secure communication capability. The Bell-212 aircraft wiring and cockpit reengineering is underway. The project has completed five aircraft with secure communications capability and at the conclusion of the rewiring project, the remaining six aircraft will have the secure communications capability. Repair of extensive corrosion and previously unreported operator damages will be completed in 2009.

Vehicles

Funding constraints make it increasingly difficult to procure new and replacement vehicles for counterpart agencies. A significant number of donated vehicles date as far back as 1998 and are at the end of their useful life, especially considering that operations are mostly in remote areas with harsh terrain. Maintenance costs for aging vehicles are increasing rapidly, and many vehicles are no longer cost effective to keep in the inventory. The NAS needs to assist counternarcotics units annually to replace a percentage of decaying fleet. Funding limits have prevented the NAS and DEA from donating more than a token number of vehicles to recently established counternarcotics units.

Vehicle control procedures have been set to prevent any abuse or misuse by doing more inspections and requesting the status of the vehicles periodically.

Miscellaneous Equipment

The ATF program encountered only a few problems with transfer or inventory provided to the CNP, DAS, CTI bomb squads and explosive investigative units.

The NAS and other agencies note that some CNP, DAS, and CTI units fail to buy their own supplies, such as copier, toner, or neglect to maintain equipment. However, overall cooperation is very good and institutional support for our agencies is high.

Reviews of illegal traffic showed the need for forward deployment of ABD trackers and Colombian Air Force interceptors. Budget cuts prevent funding of additional ABD facilities. COLAF is proceeding with short-term deployment of interceptors and trackers. Post has refurbished three trailers to serve as temporary lodging and maintenance facilities for forward deployments. The transition of the two COLAF C-26 aircraft to a tracker role failed because DOD installed F-16 first generation radar in the aircraft, for which no parts are available. Interception radars were replaced by weather radars and the two aircraft will be used mostly in reconnaissance or maritime patrol roles.

Fuel

The NAS detected abuse/misuse of maintenance and fuel at CNP/DIRAN unit which was addressed directly to the CNP Director who took immediate action with the commander of the unit to fix the problem. The NAS withdrew the fuel and maintenance support to that unit.

Program Changes

Under the ATF support program, the first four phases of the Explosives Program are complete: Phase I-creation of bomb squads; Phase II-equipment purchases; Phase III-training on equipment; and Phase IV-establish operational protocols. In CY-07, ATF met the Phase V goal of continued training. NAS and ATF will review the timeline for the final ATF goal of enabling each GOC agency to become self-sufficient in explosives programs.